Martyr
From Bahaipedia
A Martyr is someone who has been put to death for their religious beliefs.[1] In the Bábí and Bahá’í Faiths martyrdom is the act of giving one’s life for the religion and Bahá’u’lláh referred to the act in praiseworthy terms in the Hidden Words revealing the following:
"O Son of Being! Seek a martyr’s death in My path, content with My pleasure and thankful for that which I ordain, that thou mayest repose with Me beneath the canopy of majesty behind the tabernacle of glory."[2]
"O Son of Man! Ponder and reflect. Is it thy wish to die upon thy bed, or to shed thy life-blood on the dust, a martyr in My path, and so become the manifestation of My command and the revealer of My light in the highest paradise? Judge thou aright, O servant!" [3]
While He praised the act of being martyred Bahá’u’lláh also revealed the following in a Tablet, which has been provisionally translated by H.M. Balyuzi, for early Bahá’í Ibn-i-Asdaq when he asked to be martyred:
"Today, the greatest of all deeds is service to the Cause. Souls that are well assured should with utmost discretion teach the Faith, so that the sweet fragrances of the Divine Garment will waft from all directions. This martyrdom is not confined to the destruction of life and the shedding of blood. A person enjoying the bounty of life may yet be recorded a martyr in the Book of the Sovereign Lord. Well is it with thee that thou hast wished to offer whatsoever is thine, and all that is of thee and with thee in My path."[4]
Bahá’u’lláh granted Asdaq and his father, Ismu'llahu'l-Asdaq, the station of martyr even though they were not executed for their beliefs.[5] Similarly Shoghi Effendi granted some Bahá’ís who passed while undertaking services to the Faith the rank of martyr even though they were not executed.[6]
Partial List of Bábí/Bahá’í Martyrs[edit]
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Ministry of the Báb to Declaration of Bahá’u’lláh: 1844 - 1863[edit]
1846[edit]
1849[edit]
- Mirza Muhammad-Hasan, brother of Ismu'llahu'l-Asdaq
- February 2: Mullá Ḥusayn
- February 2: Mullá Jalíl-i-Urúmí
- February 2: Mullá Aḥmad-i-Ibdál Marághi'í
- May: Mírzá Muhammad Hasan Bushrú’í, Letter of the Living
- May: Mírzá Muhammad Báqir Bushrú’í, Letter of the Living
- May: Mullá Maḥmud Khu'í
- May: Mullá Yúsúf-i-Ardibílí
- May: Mullá Muḥammad-`Alí Qazvíní
- May 16: Quddús
1850[edit]
- February: Khál A’zam
- June 29: Vahíd
- July 9: The Báb
- July 9: Muḥammad-`Alíy-i-Zunúzí also known as Anís
1851[edit]
- January 8: Ḥujjat
- April 30: Mullá Hasan-i-Fadíl
- May 1: Áqá Husayn
- July 23: Áqá Muhammad-Sádiq-i-Yúzdárán
- August 4: Áqá ‘Alí-Akbar-i-Hakkák
- November: Siyyid Basir-i-Hindí
1852[edit]
Ministry of Bahá’u’lláh: 1863 - 1892[edit]
1869[edit]
1879[edit]
Ministry of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá: 1892 - 1921[edit]
Unknown[edit]
- Siyyid Ahmad Afnán
- Háj Mullá ‘Alí Tabrízí[7]
- M. Ali-Moshir-Tojjar[8]
1896[edit]
1903[edit]
- A large amount of residents of Yazd are martyred in a violent pogrom of the city. Many die from exposure and starvation upon fleeing the city after the initial violence.
- Mirza Ismai'l-Khayyat[9]
- Aqa 'Aliy-i-Zargar[9]
Ministry of the the Guardian: 1921 - 1957[edit]
1927[edit]
1932[edit]
- November 23: George Adam Benke[12]
1933[edit]
1938[edit]
1940[edit]
1944[edit]
1950[edit]
1951[edit]
- March: Bahram Rawhání[17]
- November 6: Mohammad Kayvani[18]
1952[edit]
1953[edit]
- January 22: Haji Bandeh[19]
- January 22: Abol-Ghasem Keykhaei[19]
- August 26: Ella Bailey[20]
- September 26: Rahmán Kulayní Mamaqání[21]
1955[edit]
- July 27: Seven Martyrs of Hurmuzak[22][23][24]
- Gholam-Ali Amiri
- Abdor-Razzagh Amiri
- Fereydoun Amiri
- Ali Akbar Amiri
- Hedayat Amiri
- Amanollah Amiri
- Roghieyyeh Amiri
Ministry of the Universal House of Justice: 1963 - Present[edit]
1966[edit]
- March 31: Eduardo Duarte Vieira[25]
- April 15: Francisco Pimienta Arpushana[26]
- December 25: Yadu’lláh Karímí[27]
1972[edit]
1977[edit]
1978[edit]
- July 26: Behnam Majidi[30]
- August 13: Díyá'u'lláh Haqíqat[31]
- December: Shir-Muhammad Dastpish[32]
- December 14: ‘Avad-Gul Fahandizh[33]
- December 14: Sifátu’lláh Fahandizh[34]
1979[edit]
- January: Ibrahim Ma'navi
- January 1: Khusraw Afnání[35]
- January 1: Parvíz Afnání[36]
- January 9: Haji-Muhammad 'Azizi
- April 2: Husayn Shakúrí
- May 12: ‘Alí-Akbar Khursandí
- c. August 15: Ahmád Ismá‘ílí[37]
- September 27: Bahár Vujdání
- October 28: ‘Alí Sattárzádih
- c. November 11: Ali Murad Davudi
- December 14: ‘Azamatu’lláh Fahandizh
1980[edit]
- February 4: Habíbu’lláh Panahi
- May 6: Ghulám-Husayn A‘zamí[38]
- May 6: ‘Alí-Akbar Mu‘íní[38]
- May 6: Bádí’u’lláh Yazdání[38]
- May 11: Parvíz Bayání[38]
- May 18: Mír-Asadu’lláh Mukhtárí[38]
- June 6: Hasan Ismá‘ílzádih[38]
- June 27: Yúsif Subhání[38]
- July 14: Yadu’lláh Ástání[38]
- July 14: Faramarz Samandari
- July 16: Muhammad Akbarí
- July 30: Yadu’lláh Mahbúbíyán
- August 15: Dhabíhu’lláh Mu’miní[38]
- c. August: Yousef Ghadimi
- c. August: Húshang Mahmúdí
- c. August: ‘Atá’u’lláh Muqarrabí
- c. August: Bahíyyih Nadíri
- c. August: Husayn Nají
- c. August: Manúhir Qá’im-Maqámí
- c. August: Ibráhím Rahmání
- c. August: Heshmatollah Rowhani
- c. August: Kámbíz Sádiqzádih
- c. August: ‘Abdu’l-Husayn Taslímí
- September 8: Núru’lláh Akhtar-Khávarí[38]
- September 8: ‘Azíz’u’lláh Dhabíhíyán
- September 8: Firaydún Farídaní
- September 8: Mahmúd Hasanzádih[38]
- September 8: ‘Abdu’l-Vahháb Kázimí-Manshádí[38]
- September 8: Jalál Mustaqím[38]
- September 8: ‘Alí Mutahharí
- November 9: Ridá Fírúzí[38]
- November 23: Muhammad-Husayn Ma‘súmí[38]
- November 23: Shikkar-Nisá’ Ma‘súmí[38]
- December 17: Bihrúz Saná’í[38]
1981[edit]
- January 12: Manúchihr Hakím
- February 10: Núráníyyih Yárshátir
- March 17: Mihdí Anvarí
- March 17: Hidáyatu’lláh Dihqání
- April 30: Sattár Khushkhú
- April 30: Ihsánu’lláh Mihdi-Zádih
- April 30: Yadu’lláh Vahdat
- June 14: Muhammad Habíbí
- June 14: Muhammad Báqir Habíbí
- June 14: Husayn Khándil
- June 14: Tarázu’lláh Khuzayn
- June 14: Husayn Mutlaq
- June 14: Fírúz Na‘ímí
- June 14: Násir Vafá’í
- June 23: Buzurg ‘Alavíyán
- June 23: Háshim Farnúsh
- June 23: Farhang Mavaddat
- June 24: Masíh Farhangí
- June 24: Badí’u’lláh Faríd
- June 24: Yadu’lláh Pústchí
- June 24: Varqá Tibyáníyán
- July 26: Kamálu’d-Dín Bakhtávar
- July 26: Ni‘matu’lláh Kátibpúr-Shahídí
- July 29: ‘Abdu’l-‘Alí Asadyárí
- July 29: Husayn Asadu’lláh-Zádih
- July 29: Mihdí Báhirí
- July 29: Masrúr Dakhílí
- July 29: Parvíz Fírúzí
- July 29: Manúchihr Khádí‘í
- July 29: Alláh-Virdí Mítháqí
- July 29: Habíbu’lláh Tahqíqí
- July 29: Ismá‘íl Zihtáb
- August 5: Husayn Rastigár-Námdár
- August 29: Habíbu’lláh ‘Azízí
- September 11: Bahman ‘Átifí
- September 11: ‘Izzat ‘Átifí
- September 11: Ahmad Ridvání
- September 11: ‘Atá’u’lláh Rawhání
- September 11: Gushtásb Thábit-Rásikh
- October 23: Yadu’lláh Sipihr-Arfa‘
- December 27: Mihdí Amín Amín
- December 27: Jalál ‘Azízí
- December 27: ‘Izzatu’lláh Furúhí
- December 27: Zhínus Mahmúdí
- December 27: Mahmúd Majdhúb
- December 27: Qudrat’lláh Rawhání
- December 27: Sírús Rawshání
- December 27: Kámrán Samímí
1982[edit]
- January 4: Shívá Mahmúdí Asadu’lláh-Zádih
- January 4: Iskandar ‘Azízí
- January 4: Shídrukh Amír-Kíyá Baqá
- January 4: Fathu’lláh Firdawsí
- January 4: Khusraw Muhandisí
- January 4: Kúrush Talá’í
- January 4: ‘Atá’u’lláh Yávarí
- February 22: Ibráhím Khayrkháh
- February 28: Husayn Vahdat-i-Haqq
- April 2: ‘Askar Muhammadí
- April 12: Ihsánu’lláh Khayyámí
- April 29: ‘Azízu’lláh Gulshaní
- May 8: Ishráqíyyih Furúhar
- May 8: Mahmúd Furúhar
- May 8: Badí’u’lláh Haqpaykar
- May 10: Ágáhu’lláh Tízfahm
- May 10: Jalálíyyih Mushta‘il-Uskú’í
- May 12: Írán Rahímpúr
- May 16: Nasru’lláh Amíní
- May 16: Sa‘du’lláh Bábázádih
- June 1: ‘Atá’u’lláh Haqqání
- July 9: Muhammad ‘Abbásí
- July 9: Jadídu’lláh Ashraf
- July 9: Manúchihr Farzánih-Mu’ayyad
- July 9: Muhammad Mansúrí
- July 9: Manúchihr Vafá’í
- July 15: ‘Abbás-‘Alí Sádiqípúr
- August 11: ‘Alí Na‘ímíyán
- November 16: Habíbu’lláh Awjí
- November 21: Dhíyá’u’lláh Ahrárí
- November 29: Husayn Nayyírí-Isfahání
- December 24: Guldánih ‘Alípúr
1983[edit]
- January 1: Hidáyatu’lláh Siyávushí
- March 12: Yadu’lláh Mahmúdnizhád
- March 12: Rahmatu’lláh Vafá’í
- March 12: Túbá Zá’irpúr
- April 1: ‘Adadu’lláh Zaydí
- May 1: Jalál Hakímán
- May 1: Suhayl Safá’í
- June 16: Bahrám Afnán
- June 16: ‘Abdu’l-Husayn Ázádí
- June 16: Kúrush Haqbín
- June 16: ‘Ináyatu’lláh Ishráqí
- June 16: Jamshíd Síyávushí
- June 16: Bahrám Yaldá’í
- June 18: Shahín Dálvand
- June 18: ‘Izzat Jánamí Ishráqí
- June 18: Ru’yá Ishráqí
- June 18: Mona Mahmudnizhad
- June 18: Zarrín Muqímí-Abyánih
- June 18: Mahshíd Nírúmand
- June 18: Símín Sábirí
- June 18: Táhirih Arjumandí Síyávushí
- June 18: Akhtar Thábit
- June 18: Nusrat Ghufrání Yaldá’í
- June 28: Suhayl Húshmand
- June 30: Ahmad-‘Alí Thábit-Sarvistání
- August 31: Muhammad Ishráqí
- September 19: Akbar Haqíqí
- November 19: Bahman Dihqání
- December 15: ‘Abdu’l-Majíd Mutahhar
1984[edit]
- January 6: Rahmatu’lláh Hakímán
- March 4: Muhsin Radaví
- March 10: Ghulám-Husayn Hasanzádih-Shákirí
- March 19: Nusratu’lláh Díyá’í
- April 9: Kámrán Lutfí
- April 9: Rahím Rahímíyán
- April 9: Yadu’lláh Sábiríyán
- May 2: Asadu’lláh Kámil-Muqaddam
- May 5: Maqsúd ‘Alízádih
- May 5: Jalál Payraví
- May 15: Jahángír Hidáyatí
- May 15: ‘Alí-Muhammad Zamání
- June 17: Nusratu’lláh Vahdat
- June 27: Ihsánu’lláh Kathírí
- August 16: Manúchihr Rúhí
- August 25: Amínu’lláh Qurbánpúr
- September 23: Sháhpúr Markazí
- October 15: Rustam Varjávandí
- October 30: Fírúz Purdil
- November 1: Ahmad Bashírí
- November 1: Yúnis Nawrúzí-Iránzád
- November 6: Díyá’u’lláh Maní‘i-Uskú’í
- November 11: ‘Alíridá Níyákán
- November 19: Farhad Asdaghi
- December 9: Ghulám-Husayn Farhand
- December 9: ‘Ináyatu’lláh Haqíqí
- December 9: Jamál Káshání
- December 9: Jamshíd Púr-Ustádkár
- December 9: Rúhu’lláh Ta‘lím
1985[edit]
- January 21: Rúhu’lláh Hasúrí
- February 25: Rúhu’lláh Bahrámsháhí
- March 5: Nusratu’lláh Subhání
- August 1: ‘Abbás Ídilkhání
- August 31: Rahmatu’lláh Vujdání
- October 12: Núru’d-Dín Tá’ifí
- November 19: ‘Azízu’lláh Ashjárí
1986[edit]
- April 28: Payman Sobhani
- May 4: Serrollah Vahdat
- May 9: Fidrus Shabrukh[39]
- June 10: Farid Behmardi
- September 2: Babak Talebi
- August 27: Habibollah Mohtadi
- October 3: Iraj Mehdinejad
1987[edit]
- January 26: Ahmad Kaveh
- March 3: Soroush Jabbari
- March 3: Abol-Ghasim Shayegh
- September 28: Ardishihr Akhtari
- September 28: Amir-Husayn Nadiri
1988[edit]
1989[edit]
1992[edit]
1995[edit]
1997[edit]
1998[edit]
1999[edit]
2001[edit]
- October 23: Rashid Gulov
- December 3: Afshin Shokoufeh Mosadegh
2005[edit]
2013[edit]
2016[edit]
- September 28: Farhang Amiri[53]
References[edit]
- ↑ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/martyr
- ↑ Bahá’u’lláh, Hidden Words, US Baha'i Publishing Trust, 1985 edition, p 14
- ↑ Bahá’u’lláh, Hidden Words, US Baha'i Publishing Trust, 1985 edition, p 14
- ↑ H.M. Balyuzi, Eminent Baha'is in the Time of Baha'u'llah, George Ronald: Oxford, 1985, p 172
- ↑ H.M. Balyuzi, Eminent Baha'is in the Time of Baha'u'llah, George Ronald: Oxford, 1985, p 173
- ↑ Shoghi Effendi, Messages to Canada, Baha'i Canada Publications, p 222-226, footnote 6
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1970). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 13 (1954-1963), Pg(s) 938. View as PDF.
- ↑ Star of the West, Vol. 4(6), p 10
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1986). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 18 (1979-1983), Pg(s) 385. View as PDF.
- ↑ Moojan Momen, The Baha'i Communities of Iran 1851-1921: Volume 1, George Ronald: Oxford, 2015, p 436
- ↑ http://iranpresswatch.org/post/2858/a-prayer-for-the-bahais-of-iran/
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1970). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 13 (1954-1963), Pg(s) 869. View as PDF.
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/letter-minister-justice-chief-minister-about-killing-mohammad-ali-yazd
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1949). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 10 (1944-1946), Pg(s) 537. View as PDF.
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1949). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 10 (1944-1946), Pg(s) 536. View as PDF.
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1949). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 10 (1944-1946), Pg(s) 535. View as PDF.
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1956). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 12 (1950-1954), Pg(s) 705. View as PDF.
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/index.php/archive/mohammad-kayvani-murdered-najafabad-0
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/index.php/archive/attack-bahais-afus-and-killing-two-bahais
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1956). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 12 (1950-1954), Pg(s) 688. View as PDF.
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1956). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 12 (1950-1954), Pg(s) 711. View as PDF.
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/sahar-newspaper-court-verdict-murderers-bahais-yazd
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/kayhan-newpaper-trial-44-accused-killing-seven-bahais-yazd
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/members-amiri-family-murdered-mob-attack-hormozak-yazd-1955
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1974). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 14 (1963-1968), Pg(s) 390. View as PDF.
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1974). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 14 (1963-1968), Pg(s) 319. View as PDF.
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1974). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 14 (1963-1968), Pg(s) 350. View as PDF.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1976). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 15 (1968-1973), Pg(s) 516. View as PDF.
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1981). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 17 (1976-1979), Pg(s) 434. View as PDF.
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/behnam-majidi-murdered-abbas-abad-karaj-26-july-1978
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/ziaollah-haghighat-murdered-jahrom-fars-13-august-1978
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/shir-mohammad-dastpish-murdered-boyer-ahmad-december-1978
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/index.php/archive/avad-gol-fahandej-murdered-saadie-shiraz-14th-december-1978
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/sefatollah-fahandej-saadi-murdered-shiraz-14-december-1978
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/khosrow-afnani-murdered-miandoab-east-azerbaijan-1-january-1979
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/mir-parviz-afnani-murdered-miandoab-1-january-1979
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/ahmad-esmaili-allegedly-murdered-faghih-hasanan-bushehr-15th-august-1979
- ↑ 38.00 38.01 38.02 38.03 38.04 38.05 38.06 38.07 38.08 38.09 38.10 38.11 38.12 38.13 38.14 38.15 38.16 The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1994). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 19 (1983-1986), Pg(s) 230. View as PDF.
- ↑ American Baha'i, Vol. 18(1), p 24
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/behnam-pashaie-executed-tehran-november-1988
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/iraj-afshin-executed-firing-squad-tehran-26-november-1988
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/hamid-biyouk-aghai-murdered-31-july-1989-karaj
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/golvardi-ghandian-murdered-qoroq-7th-september-1989
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/rouhollah-ghedami-abducted-and-murdered-muzaffariyyeh-khuzestan-15-june-1992
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/hasan-mahboubi-murdered-21-july-1992-tehran
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/shervin-fallah-murdered-city-qom-29-october-1995
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/mansour-dawlat-murdered-taherabad-kerman-15-april-1997
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/mashaollah-enayati-died-hospital-isfahan-4-july-1997-after-week-torture-prison
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/shahram-rezai-murdered-6-july-1997-proximity-city-rasht
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/rouhollah-rowhani-executed-hanging-mashhad-21st-july-1998
- ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (2000). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 27 (1998-1999), Pg(s) 310. View as PDF.
- ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/ataollah-rezvani-murdered-bandar-abbas-24-august-2013
- ↑ http://iranpresswatch.org/post/15863/farhang-amiri-murdered-september-28-2016-in-yazd-designated-a-martyr-by-universal-house-of-justice/
