Martyr

A Martyr is someone who has been put to death for their religious beliefs.[1] In the Bábí and Bahá’í Faiths martyrdom is the act of giving one’s life for the religion and Bahá’u’lláh referred to the act in praiseworthy terms in the Hidden Words revealing the following:

"O Son of Being! Seek a martyr’s death in My path, content with My pleasure and thankful for that which I ordain, that thou mayest repose with Me beneath the canopy of majesty behind the tabernacle of glory."[2]

"O Son of Man! Ponder and reflect. Is it thy wish to die upon thy bed, or to shed thy life-blood on the dust, a martyr in My path, and so become the manifestation of My command and the revealer of My light in the highest paradise? Judge thou aright, O servant!" [3]

While He praised the act of being martyred Bahá’u’lláh also revealed the following in a Tablet, which has been provisionally translated by H.M. Balyuzi, for early Bahá’í Ibn-i-Asdaq when he asked to be martyred:

"Today, the greatest of all deeds is service to the Cause. Souls that are well assured should with utmost discretion teach the Faith, so that the sweet fragrances of the Divine Garment will waft from all directions. This martyrdom is not confined to the destruction of life and the shedding of blood. A person enjoying the bounty of life may yet be recorded a martyr in the Book of the Sovereign Lord. Well is it with thee that thou hast wished to offer whatsoever is thine, and all that is of thee and with thee in My path."[4]

Bahá’u’lláh granted Asdaq and his father, Ismu'llahu'l-Asdaq, the station of martyr even though they were not executed for their beliefs.[5] Similarly Shoghi Effendi granted some Bahá’ís who passed while undertaking services to the Faith the rank of martyr even though they were not executed.[6]

Partial List of Bábí/Bahá’í Martyrs[edit]

Ministry of the Báb to Declaration of Bahá’u’lláh: 1844 - 1863[edit]

1846[edit]

1849[edit]

1850[edit]

1851[edit]

1852[edit]

Ministry of Bahá’u’lláh: 1863 - 1892[edit]

1869[edit]

1879[edit]

Ministry of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá: 1892 - 1921[edit]

Unknown[edit]

1896[edit]

1903[edit]

  • A large amount of residents of Yazd are martyred in a violent pogrom of the city. Many die from exposure and starvation upon fleeing the city after the initial violence.
  • Mirza Ismai'l-Khayyat[9]
  • Aqa 'Aliy-i-Zargar[9]

Ministry of the the Guardian: 1921 - 1957[edit]

1927[edit]

1932[edit]

1933[edit]

1938[edit]

1940[edit]

1944[edit]

  • August 8: Muhammad Jadhbání[14]
  • August 8: Hasan Muhájir-Záhid[15]
  • August 8: Asadu’lláh Nadírí[16]

1950[edit]

1951[edit]

1952[edit]

1953[edit]

1955[edit]

  • July 27: Seven Martyrs of Hurmuzak[22][23][24]
    • Gholam-Ali Amiri
    • Abdor-Razzagh Amiri
    • Fereydoun Amiri
    • Ali Akbar Amiri
    • Hedayat Amiri
    • Amanollah Amiri
    • Roghieyyeh Amiri

Ministry of the Universal House of Justice: 1963 - Present[edit]

1966[edit]

1972[edit]

  • July: Parvíz Sádiqí[28]
  • July: Farámarz Vujdání[28]
  • July: Parvíz Furúghí[28]

1977[edit]

1978[edit]

1979[edit]

1980[edit]

1981[edit]

1982[edit]

1983[edit]

1984[edit]

1985[edit]

1986[edit]

1987[edit]

1988[edit]

1989[edit]

1992[edit]

1995[edit]

1997[edit]

1998[edit]

1999[edit]

2001[edit]

2005[edit]

2013[edit]

2016[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/martyr
  2. ↑ Bahá’u’lláh, Hidden Words, US Baha'i Publishing Trust, 1985 edition, p 14
  3. ↑ Bahá’u’lláh, Hidden Words, US Baha'i Publishing Trust, 1985 edition, p 14
  4. ↑ H.M. Balyuzi, Eminent Baha'is in the Time of Baha'u'llah, George Ronald: Oxford, 1985, p 172
  5. ↑ H.M. Balyuzi, Eminent Baha'is in the Time of Baha'u'llah, George Ronald: Oxford, 1985, p 173
  6. ↑ Shoghi Effendi, Messages to Canada, Baha'i Canada Publications, p 222-226, footnote 6
  7. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1970). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 13 (1954-1963), Pg(s) 938. View as PDF.
  8. ↑ Star of the West, Vol. 4(6), p 10
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1986). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 18 (1979-1983), Pg(s) 385. View as PDF.
  10. ↑ Moojan Momen, The Baha'i Communities of Iran 1851-1921: Volume 1, George Ronald: Oxford, 2015, p 436
  11. ↑ http://iranpresswatch.org/post/2858/a-prayer-for-the-bahais-of-iran/
  12. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1970). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 13 (1954-1963), Pg(s) 869. View as PDF.
  13. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/letter-minister-justice-chief-minister-about-killing-mohammad-ali-yazd
  14. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1949). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 10 (1944-1946), Pg(s) 537. View as PDF.
  15. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1949). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 10 (1944-1946), Pg(s) 536. View as PDF.
  16. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1949). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 10 (1944-1946), Pg(s) 535. View as PDF.
  17. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1956). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 12 (1950-1954), Pg(s) 705. View as PDF.
  18. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/index.php/archive/mohammad-kayvani-murdered-najafabad-0
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/index.php/archive/attack-bahais-afus-and-killing-two-bahais
  20. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1956). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 12 (1950-1954), Pg(s) 688. View as PDF.
  21. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1956). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. Wilmette, Ill. Volume 12 (1950-1954), Pg(s) 711. View as PDF.
  22. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/sahar-newspaper-court-verdict-murderers-bahais-yazd
  23. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/kayhan-newpaper-trial-44-accused-killing-seven-bahais-yazd
  24. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/members-amiri-family-murdered-mob-attack-hormozak-yazd-1955
  25. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1974). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 14 (1963-1968), Pg(s) 390. View as PDF.
  26. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1974). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 14 (1963-1968), Pg(s) 319. View as PDF.
  27. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1974). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 14 (1963-1968), Pg(s) 350. View as PDF.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1976). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 15 (1968-1973), Pg(s) 516. View as PDF.
  29. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1981). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 17 (1976-1979), Pg(s) 434. View as PDF.
  30. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/behnam-majidi-murdered-abbas-abad-karaj-26-july-1978
  31. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/ziaollah-haghighat-murdered-jahrom-fars-13-august-1978
  32. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/shir-mohammad-dastpish-murdered-boyer-ahmad-december-1978
  33. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/index.php/archive/avad-gol-fahandej-murdered-saadie-shiraz-14th-december-1978
  34. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/sefatollah-fahandej-saadi-murdered-shiraz-14-december-1978
  35. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/khosrow-afnani-murdered-miandoab-east-azerbaijan-1-january-1979
  36. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/mir-parviz-afnani-murdered-miandoab-1-january-1979
  37. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/ahmad-esmaili-allegedly-murdered-faghih-hasanan-bushehr-15th-august-1979
  38. ↑ 38.00 38.01 38.02 38.03 38.04 38.05 38.06 38.07 38.08 38.09 38.10 38.11 38.12 38.13 38.14 38.15 38.16 The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1994). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 19 (1983-1986), Pg(s) 230. View as PDF.
  39. ↑ American Baha'i, Vol. 18(1), p 24
  40. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/behnam-pashaie-executed-tehran-november-1988
  41. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/iraj-afshin-executed-firing-squad-tehran-26-november-1988
  42. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/hamid-biyouk-aghai-murdered-31-july-1989-karaj
  43. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/golvardi-ghandian-murdered-qoroq-7th-september-1989
  44. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/rouhollah-ghedami-abducted-and-murdered-muzaffariyyeh-khuzestan-15-june-1992
  45. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/hasan-mahboubi-murdered-21-july-1992-tehran
  46. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/shervin-fallah-murdered-city-qom-29-october-1995
  47. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/mansour-dawlat-murdered-taherabad-kerman-15-april-1997
  48. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/mashaollah-enayati-died-hospital-isfahan-4-july-1997-after-week-torture-prison
  49. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/shahram-rezai-murdered-6-july-1997-proximity-city-rasht
  50. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/rouhollah-rowhani-executed-hanging-mashhad-21st-july-1998
  51. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (2000). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 27 (1998-1999), Pg(s) 310. View as PDF.
  52. ↑ https://iranbahaipersecution.bic.org/archive/ataollah-rezvani-murdered-bandar-abbas-24-august-2013
  53. ↑ http://iranpresswatch.org/post/15863/farhang-amiri-murdered-september-28-2016-in-yazd-designated-a-martyr-by-universal-house-of-justice/
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