Mullá Jalíl-i-Urúmí
Mullá Jalíl-i-Urúmí | |
|---|---|
| Declared | 1844 |
| Died | February 2, 1849 |
Mullá Jalíl-i-Urúmí (d. February 2, 1849) was one of the first eighteen Bábís and one of the Letters of the Living. He actively taught the Bábí religion, particularly in Qazvín, before being martyred at Shaykh Tabarsí in 1849.
Background[edit]
Jalíl was from Urúmíyyih in the Persian Province of Azerbaijan and he was a follower of the minor syncretic religion Yarsanism. At some point he became a Muslim and a Shaykhí studying under Siyyid Káẓim in Iraq.[1] He was intensely interested in the Prophecies of the Mahdi and Siyyid Káẓim wrote an essay on the topic to answer several of his questions.[2]
When Siyyid Káẓim passed in 1843 he instructed his followers to disperse to seek out the Promised One and around May, 1844, Jalíl was part of a group of Shaykhí's who accompanied Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí to Shiráz where Mullá Ḥusayn had settled and become a Bábí. Mullá Ḥusayn would not tell them the identity of the Báb however after a period of prayer Bastámí and his companions including Jalíl discovered His identity and also became Bábís around July, 1844, reportedly through prayer and meditation and Mullá Ḥusayn accompanied them to meet with the Báb individually and they were personally appointed Letters of the Living.[3]
Around July, 1844, the Báb instructed the Letters to return to their native provinces to teach His religion without revealing His identity.[4] Jalíl went to Iraq with Bastámí and taught the Faith in the Atabat, which was a region which included the cities of Najaf, Karbala, Kazimayn, and Samarra.[5] He taught indirectly alluding to the claims of the Báb rather than immediately openly proclaiming them to listeners,[6] and through his efforts Siyyid ‘Alí Kirmaní, who had served as Siyyid Káẓim's secretary became a Bábí around December 1844.[7]
In 1847 Jalíl moved to Qazvín from Iraq, accompanying Ṭáhirih,[8] where he experienced success teaching the Faith securing a large number of Bábí declarations.[1] Due to his religion he was attacked by a mob at some point who imprisoned him in a madrasa to be bastinadoed however he was rescued by some of the Bábís.[9]
Around July 1848 Jalíl joined Mullá Ḥusayn who raised the Black Standard and traveled from Mashhad to Mázindarán with a large company of Bábís. The company clashed with the religious authorities of Mázindarán and became besieged at the Shrine of Shaykh Tabarsí in December 1848. The company battled the authorities until surrendering in May 1849 and after their surrender the terms of surrender were broken with the majority of the Bábís being executed. Jalíl was martyred on February 2, 1849, during the same battle when Mulla Husayn was martyred. [10]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 A.L.M. Nicolas, translated by Peter Terry, A Prophet in Modern Times, bahai-library.com, 2015, p 40
- ↑ Abbas Amanat, Resurrection and Renewal, Kalimat Press: Los Angeles, 2005, p 180
- ↑ Nabil, The Dawn-Breakers, US Publishing Trust, 1932, p 69
- ↑ Nabil, The Dawn-Breakers, US Publishing Trust, 1932, p 94
- ↑ Abbas Amanat, Resurrection and Renewal, Kalimat Press: Los Angeles, 2005, p 212
- ↑ Abbas Amanat, Resurrection and Renewal, Kalimat Press: Los Angeles, 2005, p 213
- ↑ Abbas Amanat, Resurrection and Renewal, Kalimat Press: Los Angeles, 2005, p 250
- ↑ Denis MacEoin, The Sources for Early Babi Doctrine and History, Brill: New York, 1992, p 118
- ↑ Abbas Amanat, Resurrection and Renewal, Kalimat Press: Los Angeles, 2005, p 180
- ↑ Nabil, The Dawn-Breakers, US Publishing Trust, 1932, p 424
