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Press coverage during the Ministry of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá

From Bahaipedia

World's Parliament of Religions (1893)[edit]

The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 24 September 1893, published a survey of presentations at the World's Parliament of Religions. Rev. Jessup's presentation is included.[1] A few notable Bahá'ís were thought to have been present for or heard of the presentation: Thornton Chase. Sarah Farmer was away - her father had died and she was away during the Parliament but returned months later and became inspired by the act of gathering religions together. See Green Acre Bahá'í School.

There is brief mention of an "Anton Haddad" in New York in 1893 in the New York Tribune.[2] According Stockman's The Baha'i Faith in America - Origins 1892-1900, vol 1, (1985) he is the US in the summer of 1892.

Persecution of Bahá’ís (1894)[edit]

Speaking to the persecution of "Bahis" in Persia a couple of stories echo, citing the New Orleans Picayune:

  • March 8, 1894, The Wayne County Herald, p. 8.[3]
  • March 16, 1894 The Red Hook Journal, p. 1.[4]

Anglican Communion conference (1894)[edit]

Frederic Goldsmid read at the "Missionary conference of the Anglican Communion" including quoting a translation by Browne of "Behá" in the London Guardian of 30 May 1894, p. 37.[5]

Sacramento Daily Union (1894)[edit]

A brief summary of religion of the Persians mentions the Babis and the punishment of they suffer under no protection of rank or standing in the Sacramento Daily Union of 14 July 1894, p. 6.[6]

A more general review but with modern terminology appeared in the Delphos Daily Herald, Delphos, Ohio, Jan 3, 1895, p. 3.[7]

The Academy (1895)[edit]

Henry Edward Plantagenet (1852–1938)[8] wrote a brief piece of his encounter with Baha'is in Haifa in "'Babism' in a UK journal The Academy, published 9 Mar. 1895, p. 220.[9]

Assassination of the Sháh (1896)[edit]

With the actual assassination of the Shah in 1896[10] many initial reports blamed Babis which later turned out to be mistaken though there were also stories indicating the Babis were being blamed as a diversion. Some discuss updates on the Babis.

The Times of London, 2 May, p. 13[11]

Tyrone Daily Herald, 2 May 1896 • Page 1.[12]

St. John Daily Sun, May 2, 1896, p. 5,[13]

Two stories about the Shah in 3 May 1896. One mentions Babis.[14] But there are echoes elsewhere too - [15][16]

Associated Press[edit]

An early Associated Press was echoed many times. Most cite a London source of May 2. Most of these appeared May 3rd.

The Davenport Democrat and Leader, Davenport, Iowa, 3 May, p. 1[17]
Chicago Daily Tribune, Chicago, Illinois, May 3, p. 5[18]
Omaha Daily Bee (aka Omaha Sunday Bee), Omaha Nebraska, May 3, p. 1.[19] This was also echoed in:
The Salt Lake Herald, Salt Lake City Utah, May 3, p. 3.[20]
The Wichita Daily Eagle, Wichita, Kansas, May 3, p. 1.[21]
The Herald, Los Angeles California, May 3, p. 1.[22]
San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco, California, May 3, p. 18.(The newspaper offered several stories on the assassination on the same page, this was the only one to mention Babis.)[23] The Saint Paul Globe, St. Paul, Minneapolis, June 28, p. 8.[24]
The Hutchinson News, Hutchinson, Kansas, May 4, p. 8.[25]
Daily Colonist (Victoria BC), May 3, p. 8.[26]
The Utica Journal, May 3, p. 1.[27]

French[edit]

"Nasr Ed Dine Chah" Le Temps of Paris, May 4, 1896, page 1, has a 2.5 col article with sections mentioning Babys and Babysme.[28]

Later accounts[edit]

The World, New York, New York, May 10, p. 21.[29]

The Church Weekly, London, 15 May , p. 13[30]

The North China Herald of Singapore, p. 7 of June 5, 1898, citing the Rangoon Gazette of uncertain date.[31]

Brooklyn Eagle, Sunday, June 28, Page: 1,[32] and The Courier-Journal, Louisville, Kentucky, p. 7.[33]

The Salt Lake Herald, Salt Lake City Utah, June 28, p. 2.[34]

The Wichita Daily Eagle, Wichita, Kansas, June 28, p. 1.[35]

The Herald, Los Angeles Caifornia, June 28, p. 1.[36]

The Hutchinson News, Hutchinson, Kansas, June 29, p. 8.[37]

The Athens Banner, July 3, 1896, page 6.[38]

New-York Tribune, (New York New York, July 3, p. 6.[39]

An attempt to find out how many "Babees" there still are by the periodical Nineteenth Century finds inconsistent views and is echoed in two newspapers - The Cincinnati Enquirer, 8 Aug, 1896, p. 4[40] and The Belleville Telescope, Belleville, Kansas, 11 May 1899, p. 4[41]

Many papers echoed the NY Sun.[42] San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco, California, 15 Sept, 1896, p. 10, referring to Gaston Dujarric, (cites NY Sun,)[43] Echoed The Wyandott Herald, (Kansas City, Kansas), on two days - 24 September 1896 • Page 1[44] and 29 October 1896 • Page 1[45]

San Francisco Call, 16 Oct, page 2.[46]

And sometimes using criticism of Babis to call for persecution of Christians is noted - observing this is reported in the The Times of London, 27 Oct, 1896, p. 5.[47]

Refers to "Babists" in passing - The Davenport Democrat and Leader, Davenport, Iowa, Nov 16, p. 4, (citing NY Mirror).[48] Also The Davenport Weekly Leader, Davenport, Iowa, Nov 20, p. 7 (still citing NY Mirror.)[49] The Washington Post, Washington, District of Columbia, Sept 2, 1905.[50]

Turkish arrests[edit]

A small story also appeared through a set of Turkish arrests blaming Babis for the assassination in a variety of papers:

  • Alexandria Gazette, Alexandria D.C., October 8, 1900, p. 2[51] and Geneva Daily Times.[52]
  • Daily Public Ledger, Maysville, Kentucky, Oct 9, p. 3.[53]
  • The Sandusky Star-Journal, Sandusky, Ohio, 8 Oct, p. 1 it is citing the Scripps-MCRae Press Association.[54]
  • The Waterloo Press, (Waterloo, Indiana), 11 October.[55]
  • The Monroeville Breeze, (Monroeville, Indiana), 11 October.[56]
  • Carolina Mascot, (Statesville, North Carolina), 18 October.[57]

Littel's Living Age (1896)[edit]

"The Bab and Babism", by John David Rees was printed in Littel's Living Age, Aug 22, 1896.[58]

"Coming of the Mohammadan Messiah" (1895-1896)[edit]

Reviews of the Contemporary Review article of December 1895 (about the third they ever did stretching back to 1869), was mentioned in several newspapers.

See H. R. Haweis under Travelers and Scholars for this article.

  • The New York Times, Aug 23, 1896, p. 22.[59]
  • The Wichita Daily Eagle, Wichita, Kansas, Sept 25, p. 8, (cites "Contemporary Review").[60]
  • The Scranton Republican, 11 Nov.[61]
  • Indiana Democrat, 16 December 1896 • Page 5[62]

"Why Persia is Peaceful" (1896)[edit]

Sterling Standard, Sept 3rd, 1896, p. 6 mentions Babis suffering amidst a general society.[63]

Babees in Persia[edit]

From July 1896 The Nineteenth Century article "The Bab and Babism" by JD Ress. The Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette, (Fort Wayne, Indiana), 6 September 1896 • Page 6, has a story that examines how there are conflicting reports if there are any Babees left in Persia - probably yes, probably many, but secretive as some maintain that "there was anot a Babee left in all Persia. They had been a polyandrous and immoral set of unbelievers but their fathers were all burned; that is to say, consumed in hell, and there was an end to them" and the writer saw "grew some pits full of Babees' skulls in Abadeh.", yet others maintained there were many Babees still around.[64] Abadeh is not far from Isfahan and Yazd, both sites of riots against Baha'is in the last few years or decade. The story is echoed in The Belleville Telescope, (Belleville, Kansas), 11 May 1899 • Page 4.[65]

Bab and Babism[edit]

July-Dec 1896, The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art, Volume 64, Published by Leavitt, Trow, & Company published "Bab and Babism".[66]

Baha'is in Enterprise KS[edit]

Kheiralla and family visit Enterprise Kansas in the summer of 1897 and teach some classes on the religion which get some mention in the area newspapers. See 1897 Press reception of Baha'i activities in Kansas by Duane L. Herrmann, similar to the paper published Fall 1999 issue of World Order magazine, pp. 29 – 45.

Greenacre[edit]

The Greenacre Hotel, later known as Green Acre, is mentioned in the first few days of 1898.[67] Sarah Farmer had begun work on making it a place for the American encounter with eastern religions circa 1894 following the 1893 Parliament of the World's Religions. Farmer is known as becoming a Baha'i in 1900 during a period of great personal turmoil. She is noted as having left for Palestine by May 1900.[68] By July 1901 Baha'i Edward Kinney is noted managing the music program at Greenacre.[69]

Lord Curzon noted[edit]

News[70] of his marriage sparked mention of his publications including Persia and the Persian Question which has a favorable review of the Babis. See Lord_Curzon_of_Kedleston.

interview[edit]

Under "Some New Books" The Sun, New York New York, Sept 11, 1898, p. 22, publishes an extended account literary exploration - in this section he interviewed Ernest Renan, a noted scholar on the Babi/Baha'i Faiths, who describes his work Les Apôtres, and mentions verifying Gobineau's account by interviewing others including a Persian Governor who saw some of the sentences laid on Babis.[71]

"L Perse"[edit]

1899, Histoiree générale du IVe siècle à nos jours: Révolutions et guerres nationales, 1848-1870.[72]

Kheiralla goes public[edit]

Kheiralla is reviewed in a general review of "weird" religions near Chicago in the Chicago Daily Tribune, 16 April 1899, p. 46.[73]

Citing the New York World the The Fort Wayne Sentinel, Fort Wayne, Indiana, 24 May 1899, p. 2, reviews a "pilgrimage to Persia" by Kheiralla and a group, staying over at the MacNutts', and some booklets.[74]

In June 25, 1899, Kheiralla is noted looking for a headquarters.[75]

Local reactions in Kenosha Wisconsin soon were in the newspapers too.

  • Eau Claire Leader, 2 November 1899 • Page 2 reporting on events in October.[76]
  • The Weekly Wisconsin, 4 Nov.[77]

Overlapping in November these reaction pick up connections with Stoyan Krstoff Vatralsky:

  • The New York Times, 6 November[78]
  • The Weekly Wisconsin, 18 Nov.[79]
  • The Saint Paul Globe, St. Paul, Minnesota, December 10, 1899, p. 22.[80]

Vatralsky is reviewed in scholarly work in Studies in Bábí and Bahá'í History.[81]

A number of stories continue echoing into 1900:

  • The Allentown Leader, 11 April.[82]
Abdul Karim is covered[edit]

The issues with Kheiralla also begin to interact with Abdu'l-Baha's first representative sent to America, and his agenda includes challenging Kheiralla and ultimately removing him from connection to the religion.

  • The Sumner Press, (Sumner, Illinois), 3 May.[83]
  • Chicago Daily Tribune, 6 June [84]
  • The Inter Ocean, 7 June[85]
  • The New North, 14 June[86]
  • The Times, Richmond, Virginia, July 8.[87]
  • The Fort Wayne News, Fort Wayne, Indiana, July 11.[88]
  • Asheville Daily Gazette[89] and Ogdensburg News, (Ogdensburg NY) [90] July 12.

Meanwhile Karim goes to NY which is covered in the newspaper The Atlanta Constitution, on 14 Aug,[91] and the ramifications continue.

  • The Inter Ocean, 14 October, p. 33,[92] and separately at page 34.[93]
  • Pittston Gazette, 15 October.[94]

This envoy Abdel Karin is supported by a number of Baha'is.[95]

A few days later Kheiralla offers a public lecture advertised through the The Inter Ocean, in later October, 1900.[96][97] He is still doing so in Mar 1902.[98]

Sarah Farmer to Akka[edit]

Prominent early Baha'i Sarah Farmer is noted in the newspapers on her way to the Holy Land.[99] While there she becomes a Baha'i. There is also a newspaper story of her being ill during the return trip.[100]

A Dubliner[edit]

A Dubliner wrote in clarifying the sects in Persia mentioned the Babis in the London Church Weekly, 22 Dec, 1899, p. 20.[101]

funeral for Davy[edit]

May 1900 Keiralla lead a funeral for one William Davy.[102]

Correspondent in Persia[edit]

A correspondent to the Chicago Tribune mentions Baha'is amidst coverage of the commemoration of the martyrdom of Imam Ali starting in the fifth paragraph. The story is cited and echoed in The Cincinnati Enquirer, 14 July 1900.[103]

Abdul Karim sails[edit]

A couple newspaper stories carry Abdul Karim's mission and leaving:

  • Aug 2, 1900, New York Herald, p. 10.[104]
  • Aug 3, 1900, New York Herald, p. 5.[105]

article on Abdu'l-Baha with (Persian? Arabic?) writing[edit]

Aug 12, 1900, The New York Herald, p. 1 has a full page - mostly pictures - on Abdu'l-Baha and the religion.[106] It notes the coincidence of the Millerite 1844 expectations and Baha'i history, commentary from Browne, Kheiralla, etc.

Abbas Abdal Beha[edit]

Victoria 'Daily Colonist, (Victoria BC), August 26, 1900, had a story on Abdu'l-Baha and the Baha'is with note of professor Brown's visit.[107][108]

Baha'i women[edit]

Sept 17, 1900, The Rome Daily Sentinel column "The New Woman" by Eliza Archard Conner, reports on the religion based on some publication (book? doesn't say) and makes special mention of principle of equality of the sexes and "Kurratu'l'Ayn".[109]

The Babists[edit]

Oct 26, 1900 Daily Times of Troy NY had a two column profile of Abdu'l-Baha somewhat quoting the NY Herald and then from The Advance Congregational on the superlatives thought of Him.[110]

Who is a Babi/Baha'i?[edit]

A number of newspaper articles appear noting who is or is not a Baha'i (Babi sometimes in the terms of the day.):

  • "Spiritualist and Babi" Lillian Whitting who interviewed Abdu'l-Baha, wrote a book "After Farnham" though she is more known for other books. Also a letter from Abdu'l-Baha through Lua Getsinger is partly published - all echoed in The Davenport Democrat and Leader, 1 November 1900 • Page 8.[111]
  • The Saint Paul Globe, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Nov 7, 1900, p. 4, notes a correction from a story in the New York World about someone said to be a "Babist" who denied it.[112]
  • A short story also mentions "Abbas Effendi" being the head of the "sect" in Davenport Daily Republican, Davenport, Iowa, Feb 12, 1901, p. 4.[113]

Women in lead[edit]

The Janesville Daily Gazette Nov 1900 syndicated column by prominent early woman journalist[114] Eliza Archard Conner had a commentary highlighting a view of the "Behas".[115]

Baha'i representatives sent to US[edit]

Following Karim coming to confront Khieralla at the beginning of 1900 now there are two teachers of the religion sent to circulate and hold classes among the Baha'is. Various articles appear:

  • 10 Dec 1900, in The Duluth Evening Herald.[116]
  • The 16 Dec 1900 Inter Ocean notes the presence of these two teachers of the religion arriving Thanksgiving day and staying at 14 Loomis street - Haji Mirza Hassan and Mirza Assadu'llah.[117]
  • Mention of Haji Mirza Hassan, Mirza Asadullah, and "Hirza" Hussien Rouhr in "Egypt's missionaries in Chicago", The Ottawa Journal, 18 December 1900, p. 6[118]
  • This is echoed in El Paso Herald, possibly Texas' first newspaper story mentioning the religion.[119]

like Christian Science[edit]

Brooklyn Eagle, January 9, 1901, page 5, compares Christian Science briefly with Babism.[120]

DIvision of the Babists[edit]

Reports of the after affects of pilgrimage to meet Abdu'l-Baha begin the issues between Kheiralla and Abdu'l-Baha and in this story formulated as boiling down to the approach of two women to faith in the religion - Phoebe Hearst and Rose Owen Oliphant Templeten (and neither one exactly right in hindsight.)[121]

Two letters from Phoebe Hearst, are printed up in early 1901 in The Inter Ocean[122] which also mentions Rev Isaac Adams on the religion. A later print of the book is also available online.[123]

And Kheiralla published book is reviewed.[124]

seeking to pressure US on Persia[edit]

The Inter Ocean, July 7, 1901, p. 36, reports of the early Baha'is (Babists) in Chicago area with general summary and some sense of the spread of the religion in the US. The Baha'is attempted to have a petition sent through diplomatic channels to the Shah through Herbert W. Bowen, then former Ambassador/Minister to Persia for the US.[125]

Dodge letter[edit]

Arthur P. Dodge prominent early Baha'i, wrote a letter to the editor explaining the religion published 20 July 1901 in the Ottawa Journal.[126]

a pilgrimage[edit]

Newspapers begin to echo about a pilgrimage of "Babists" to see the head of the religion:

  • Nov 24, 1901, The Sun, p. 6.[127]
  • The Inter Ocean, Chicago, Illinois, Dec 1, 1901, p. 48, has a brief list of developments including a letter reported from (Lua?) Getsinger on a pilgrimage.[128]

comparisons[edit]

A traditional Bible review compares a number of new ideas mentions Kheiralla published in the Chicago Daily Tribune, 2 February 1902 • Page 53.[129]

review of Persian history mention[edit]

The Deaf Mutes' Journal of Feb 13, 1902, p. 2, contains a multi-column review of Persian history entitled "Expansion of the Saracen Empire". The article is 2 whole columns and 2 half - from the bottom of the second full column down through the rest of the article there is a profile of the Babi/Baha'i Faiths collimating with labeling the Figures as anti-Christs.[130]

women's auxiliary meeting[edit]

A woman's auxiliary meeting of Baha'is hold a "nineteen day social" with Mirza Assadu'llah giving a talk, published in the Chicago Daily Tribune, 2 March 1902 • Page 56.[131]

Rise of Behaism[edit]

The Duluth Evening Journal April 8, 1902, p. 7 had a half page column article on the religion and its spread in the US.[132]

Kheiralla divorces[edit]

News of Kheiralla (pictured) divorcing along with a brief profile of Faith was printed in The Inter Ocean, 3 August 1902 • Page 4[133][134] and then remarries.[135][136]

division of Babists/(Baha'is)[edit]

Dec 3, 1902 The Duluth Evening Herald, p. 11, cover of Anton F. Haddad's book criticizing Kheiralla and profiling the Baha'is.[137]

Jamaican echo[edit]

The Jamaican Kingston Gleaner of February 4, 1903 echoed a story from a Jan 27 Daily Mail of London of a letter reported in St Petersburg of the previous week about sweeping arrests of Babists.[138]

Yezd persecutions[edit]

A number of versions of stories begin to show up through 1903 related to events in Yezd. An early one refers to British diplomats defending Babists in Teheran from January 1903.[139]

Barneys[edit]

The New York Times, New York, New York, July 26, 1903, p. 43, has a brief story mentioning the mother (Alice Pike Barney) and two daughters (Natalie Clifford Barney and Laura Clifford Barney) several of whom were "Babists".[140] See also My Interview With Laura Dreyfus-Barney, by Jack McLean (Paris 1967), published 2007.

"Religious Massacre in Central Persia"[edit]

First account not identified yet.

The Quincy Daily Whig, July 30, 1903, Page: 1:

London, July 29 - The Times describes a serious religious riot in Yezd, central Persia, which lasted more than a fortnight. The outbreak was directed against religious reformers called Babis. For two days every Babi found was butchered and mutilated and the bodies dragged through the streets. Houses were looted, women beaten and killed. One Babi was blown from the mouth of a cannon. Order has been restored.[141]

Other version(s) at Spokane Daily Chronicle, July 30, 1903, p. 6 [142]

Summary of coverage in the German Cologne Gazette in The Times, London, August 1903, p. 4,[143] reviews developments from Shiraz, starting with price of rice issues which when widen and "the priests appear to have then recognized that they were in a wrong track, and they directed the fanatical passions of the mob against the Christians and Babis.…" in Ispahan and Yezd. A Telegram "from St. Petersburg reports 3200 Babus were expelled from Ispahan and 120 killed, two from cannons."

An echo of this appeared in Covina Argus, (Covina, California), 8 August 1903 • Page 3,[144] and The Day - Jul 30, 1903, p. 1.[145] and The Lewiston Daily Sun - Jul 30, 1903, p. 2.[146]

Martyrs in Yazd[edit]

100 Babis butchered mentioned in Sydney Morning Herald, Aug 1, 1903, p. 9.[147] and echoed.[148] Similar at Clinton Mirror - Aug 8, 1903, p. 6.[149]

Disturbances in Persia[edit]

The Times, London, Aug 3, 1903, p. 4:[150] Accounts (plural) coming through Germany.... economic troubles get caught up by priests into a riot against Christians and Babis. Mentions sources in Russia through the German ones saying some 3200 Babis had been expelled from "Ispahan" less they be butchered and 129 from Yezd though two were lown from cannons.

Myron Phelps book[edit]

Circa summer 1903 Myron Phelps published the first edition of "Life and Teachings of Abbas Effendi".[151] It was then reviewed in the newspapers.[152][153] An excerpt is printed in December 1903 in the NY Times.[154]

The American Cooperator[edit]

Sept 5, 1903 the American Cooperator republished an account of Mirza Abul Fazl at Green Acre from the Springfield Republican.[155]

Brooklyn teachers[edit]

The Sept 13, 1903 Brooklyn Daily Standard Union, p. 5, noted Brooklyn teachers among converts to Baha'i Faith.[156] It speaks of "meetings in "Genealogical Hall in 58th St" and at the home of J. Newcomb Witney "where Mr and Mrs MacNutt … lecture". A recent meeting at Marie A Foote, teacher in Public School No 32. Other active members noted were Mr and Mrs Frank Osborne, Ella Flower, Mr and Mrs Leyler, Mr and Mrs. George Witte, Mr. Hawkins, Mr. Marsh, Mrs Herman, and others. Others mentioned include "Miss Goin, of 5th Ave(Manhattan)", Phoebe Hearst, and Miss Barney. Mention of Browne's work is referenced a bit portrayed enthusiastically but ignorant and notes Kheiralla's founding and separation from the community.

children's tales[edit]

A passing reference to a book "Beha Ullah by Ibrahim Khiralia" by Lieutenant Totten of Yale, is made amidst a controversy about another matter; echoed from the Chicago Tribune.[157] The story is further echoed in Texas.[158]

Holland newspapers[edit]

In 1904, Maurits Wagenvoort went as a correspondent for the Algemeen Handelsblad newspaper specifically to investigate the Bahá'ís in Persia and had numerous interviews with Bahá'ís.[159]

Why don't you … try Babism?[edit]

Jan 16, 1904, The New York Herald did a column on Babi/Baha'i Faiths in its "Book of the Week" section.[160]

Washington Times prints Greatest Name[edit]

A full page review of the religion with text, pictures and graphics is in the Washington Times, Feb 28, 1904, p. 23.[161]

America the garden for new religions[edit]

Oct 30, 1904, The New York Herald did full page profile of the Bahá'ís with pictures on the front page of its magazine section.[162]

The same day the Washington Times did a full page on the conversion of Laura Clifford Barney.[163]

Baha'i wedding ceremony[edit]

On about Nov 16 1903 a Michigan couple gets wed by Kheirallah in what was called a Baha'i ceremony. This news was echoed a few times:

  • The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 17 November.[164]
  • The Minneapolis Journal, (Minneapolis, Minnesota), 17 November [165]

Baha'is marry[edit]

Ali Kuli Khan marries Florence Breed, 6 Nov 1904.[166]

Washingtonian Baha'i Josephine Conlkin Cowles (who later married Julius Adolph de'Lagnel) reported of her first steps towards the Bahá'í Faith in the annual meeting of the 1908 "Proceedings of the First International Congress in America for the Welfare of the Child" held under the auspices of the National Congress of Mothers.[167]

"…Some years ago while spending a winter in Washington I met a young Persian who was of noble birth and who had come to America on a mission. Prior to this I had lost my only son and he, knowing of my great loss, and being a stranger in a foreign land, begged that he might call me mother, -and so I took him into my life, and for seven years I have been called mother by this young Persian. From intimate association with him I learned much about his country and people, and later I had the opportunity of visiting the Far East. While there it was my pleasure to live in the families, and be entertained by those charming and delightful people. I sat at meat with them and formed the most intimate associations and I learned that if you wish to know about a people you must live with them and see their everyday life.… While in Paris I was entertained at a tea where sixteen of these young noblemen were invited. Their ages ranged from 10 to eighteen years. I have never witnessed more beautiful or refined manners. Two of these were princes, sons of the Shah, who were attending this school.… In a recent paper, by Madam Ali Kuli Khan, who spend some months in Persia, …"[167]

Her memorial notes her joining the religion in 1902.[168]

Note Ali Kuli Khan was a secretary of Abdu'l-Baha 1899-1901, then sent to America, married Florence Breed in 1904.[169] So Khan is in the States no more than a year before Josephine joins the Faith. He is noted doing translations and living in obscurity.[170]

a NY Meeting[edit]

A nearly full page article is doubled in two major national newspapers - in the The Washington Post[171] and NY Times,[172] December 18, 1904, about a third about a recent pilgrimage, and a third teachings, and most of the remaining are drawings of the event. Apparently Mirza Abul-Fadzl was present.

Almost opposite was an excusion looking for Persian connections and included looking up "half a dozen members of the Babist colony".[173]

death in insanity[edit]

Frances Wakley; Feb 8-9, 1905 suicide/hospitalized after being very impoverished and experiencing visions, aged 23 yrs - (Gilbert J, elder brother, 34yrs, Mary, mother) of 6309 Lowe Ave
- Mrs. H. M. Kelly witness, friend, and Rev Charles H Young witnesses going to (Union) hospital, others associated with events are Minnie Davies, and Rev P. L. Wirden (6300 Lowe Ave)
- Society of the Millennial Dawn, 26 Van Buren St. is mentioned - Millennial Dawn being a book from Charles Tussell who helped found Jehovah Witnesses. I can’t prove this particular meeting was from that involvement but there are many news stories about meetings of said group based on said book.
- meetings 63rd and Halsted Sts
- favored Abdu'l-Baha
- not university educated, worked/(owned?) at restaurant at 55 and Halsted Chicago [174]

There is some resemblance to the story of Alonzo Twine[175]

Ali Kuli Khan gets a stirred reaction[edit]

Feb 10, 1905, The New York Press, reports "Harvard Alumni aghast", p. 1, reporting that alumni will pressure him to stop his meetings teaching the religion.[176]

Lua Getsinger[edit]

Profile of the Baha'is in New York, and of Lua Getsinger, in the Washington Post, July, 1905.[177]

Barneys visit Abdu'l-Baha[edit]

Mother and daughters Barney have been absent from Washington for two years and now are visiting Abdu'l-Baha in His prison near Akka from January[178] into July[179] 1905. During the visit Phoebe Hearst joins them.[180] The Barneys returned in Nov.[181]

Interview with a Covenant Breaker[edit]

The June 3, 1906 Brooklyn Standard Union, interviewed , p. 3[182] & 12.[183]

new Elijah[edit]

Aug 18, 1906, The New York Press, (NY, NY), p. 2 talks of Chicago Baha'is including Thornton Chase and Charles Greenleaf but there is some confused terminology.[184]

Bryan visits Abdu'l-Baha[edit]

William J. Bryan, editor and proprietor of The Commoner of Lincoln Nebraska, visited Abdu'l-Baha as part of a voyage through Turkish lands and reported on it in August 1906, the first known mention of the religion in Nebraska.[185]

Shah's death[edit]

The 1907 passing of the Shah was reviewed and briefly mentioned the riots against Baha'is during his reign (middle column).[186]

Wilhelm at Acca Syria[edit]

Miss Hebe Moor and Mrs. Allen to join Roy Wilhelm and Mother in Acca, Syria in April 1907.[187]

The Daily Illini[edit]

See Coverage of the Baha'i Faith in the Daily Illini, the student newspaper of the University of Urbana-Champaign. Then Unitarian minister Albert Vail asks an early Persian Bahá'í in America to talk to his group in April 28, 1907. Things get interesting from there….

Across Persia by E. Crawshay-Williams[edit]

Across Persia by E. Crawshay-Williams, who travelled Persia in 1903,[188] (the date of 1903 is obscure in this text but other references to this book state it clearly.[189]

Mary Ford's talk[edit]

Baha'i Mary Hanford Ford offers a talk in Kansas, January 1908.[190] (See mentions of her in NY.)

Profile/history of the Baha'i Faith[edit]

Profile and history of the Baha'i Faith, Dec 9, 1908.[191]

Fitzgerald on religions[edit]

Colonel Nathan Ward Fitzgerald talks on religions of the world in Feb 1909.[192] Fitzgerald was already known for public talks on the Baha'i Faith.[193]

Jean Masson[edit]

"The 'Bahai Revelaton': Its western advance" by Jean Masson, The American Review of Reviews, February 1909.[194]

Ali Kuli Khan goes west[edit]

Ali Kuli Khan (drawn picture) makes it to San Franscico for talks.[195]

Baha'is meet at NWU[edit]

A public meeting is held on the campus of Northwestern University in Evanston around March 22, 1909.[196] This is about the same time as the national convention is to be held.[197][198] In one newspaper story pictures of the Bahji Mansion along with Mrs Marshall A Roe and Mrs. L. W. Foster are pictured.[199]

"The Bab"[edit]

The Canadian, BC Moyie Leader, March 27, 1909, page 3, contained a brief summary of the Bab ending with Him being shot.[200]

"Une Religion Nouvelle"[edit]

The French newspaper Le Figaro - Supplément littéraire du dimanche, had "Une Religion Nouvelle" by Guy Darès, April 10, 1909, page 2 is a broad review.[201]

The Baha'is[edit]

The New York Times, New York, New York, Apr 18, 1909, p. 62, as part of a general review of religions included a section on "The Bahais".[202]

Decision to build[edit]

The Baha'is have decided to build the Temple at Wilmette.[203][204]

Coverage of the Bahá’í Faith in New York City via the New York Age newspaper[edit]

It begins with a notice about Louis Gregory but takes off especially after 'Abdu'l-Bahá was in America. See Coverage of the Bahá’í Faith in New York City via the New York Age newspaper.

political prisoners[edit]

While not mentioning Baha'is directly comment is made of political prisoners in Acca, Nov 1909.[205]

Persian-American Educational Society[edit]

Group formed and elected officers. Most of them are Baha'is - William Hoar, Howard Reeside, Henry Thompson, Mrs Clifford Barney, Charles Remey, Henry Finkelstian, Louise Shuman, Joseph hannen, Julette Zimmerman, Mrs. C. M. Coles, M. A. Schrab.[206]

Cornell Daily Sun[edit]

The Cornell Daily Sun, an independent daily newspaper published by students at Cornell University and hired employees, from at least Feb 1910, began to mention the Baha'i Faith. See Coverage of the Baha'i Faith in the Cornell Daily Sun.

mention in 20th Century Magazine[edit]

Feb 22, 1910, the Brooklyn Daily Standard Union p. 7, noted a story by Bahá'í Helen Campbell that profiles "the social and economic teachings of Beha-Ullah…" published in The Twentieth Century Magazine.[207]

"Mohammedanism, like Christianity, has it's sects…"[edit]

Canadian The Western Call, September 2, 1910, p. 2 has a story bridging Babi and Baha'i Faiths.[208]

Alonzo Twine[edit]

Alonzo Twine, South Carolina convert via Louis Gregory in 1910, declared insane and dies a few years later in an insane asylum, still handing out a pamphlet to his former minister.[175] You can see a slanted view of his life and the affect of Louis Gregory under Rev. I. E. Lowrey's column - "The Bahai Movement", The Southern indicator, February 19, 1921, p. 6,[209] What isn't said in that newspaper story is that the reverend was centrally involved in having Mr. Twine committed to a facility where many people died each year. Twine is mentioned in a few places on the internet.[210]

Women's rights[edit]

Mentions Bab and religion in context of women's rights in Persia in longer general review in The Hutchinson News, Hutchinson, Kansas, Oct 5, 1911, p. 12.[211]

News of coming to States[edit]

The Washington Post, Washington, District of Columbia, Dec 31, 1911, p. 1, had a half page spread on "Abbas Effendi" coming to the US - picture not of Him though.[212]

""The February meetings…""[edit]

A reference to Feb 18th, 1912 edition of the Christian Register has a story by Rev. Thos. Van Ness that mentions the Faith as well as March edition of The Pacific Unitarian - Devoted to Religious Truth and Higher Life,[213]

During the Journey[edit]

Main article: ‘Abdu’l-Bahá's journeys to the West

In 2004 Amín E. Egea notes that the Guardian began a collection of newspaper accounts from the time of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá amounting to over 47,000 press clippings.[214]

see also - ‘Abdul-Bahá’s Journey Across America, The Journey West, The Luminous Journey (documentary)

The Awaking of the Older Nations[edit]

As early as 1909, but more often since 1911, a column named "The Awaking of the Older Nations", by William T. Ellis, copyrighted to Joseph B. Bowles, began to appear in several newspapers.[215] William Ellis was a secular journalist who investigated missionary activity of Christians around the world.[216] Some of the articles of the series covered the Baha'i Faith. He appears to have encountered the religion in 1910 while Abdu'l-Baha was in Egypt[217] and his interview was reported in Baha'i News of January 1911.[218] The first known one of "The Awaking of the Older Nations" at this time was Nov 9, 1911 and carried on into 1912. The article often included a picture of some kind. He reports visiting Abdu'l-Baha's home in Haifa and not seeing Him there - that He was away. He went to Alexandria to catch Abdu'l-Baha there and refers to an Englishman serving as translator for the interview - this was Sydney Sprague (who mentioned Mary Hanford Ford's "The Oriental Rose" as well.) There is a considerable discussion of the teachings but with various errors as well. Ones known to mention the religion include:

  • Nov 9, 1911, Coastesville Herald, p. 2.[219]
  • Nov 10, 1911, Poseyville News, p. 6.[220]
  • Nov 11, 1911, Mechanicville Saturday Mercury, p. 3.[221]
  • Nov 12, 1911, Ecanada Morning Press, p. 7.[222]
  • Nov 14, 1911, Portville Review, Portville NY, p. 2.[223]
  • Nov 16, 1911, The Mancelona Herald, p. 6.[224]


For more on William Ellis see this Biography of William Thomas Ellis, Oct 28, 2015, by Lorraine Wagner of a book by Tuck Pierce. He may have had some published originally through The Continent, a Presbyterian journal.[225]

other 1911[edit]
  • Persian Baha'i woman noted June 19.[226]
  • Mention of Behaists/"TruthKnowers" - Dec 21, 1911, The Whitesville News, p. 3.[227]
  • Dec 31, New York Herald, p. 4[228]
  • July 8,, Utica Saturday Globe, (Utica NY), p. 10.[229]
  • Oct 1, The NY Sun, 1911, p. 8[230]
Rev Peter Easton[edit]

From September 23 to 25, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá went to Bristol. Rev. Peter Z. Easton, a Presbyterian in the of the Northeast in New York who was stationed in Tabriz, Iran from 1873 to 1880, didn't have an appointment to meet ‘Abdu’l-Bahá.[231][232] Easton attempted to meet and challenge ‘Abdu’l-Bahá and in his actions made those around him uncomfortable; ‘Abdu’l-Bahá withdrew him to a private conversation and then he left. Later he printed a polemic attack on the religion, Bahaism — A Warning, in the Evangelical Christendom newspaper of London (Sept.-Oct. 1911 edition.)[233] and echoed.[234] The polemic was later responded to by Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl in his book The Brilliant Proof written in Dec. 1911.[235]

Columbia University coverage[edit]

The Columbia Spectator, of the Columbia University at New York, begins mention of the Faith in 1912 with Abdu'l-Baha's talk on campus. See Coverage of the Baha'i Faith in the Columbia Spectator.

Gertrude Atherton[edit]

"Julia France and her times" by Gertrude Atherton published, before April 1912,[236] included characters interviewing Abdu'l-Baha circa page 277-280.[237]

Others[edit]

Mrs. E. C. Getzinger gave a talk on the Baha'i Faith that was noted in The Pacific Unitarian - Devoted to Religious Truth and Higher Life, March 1912.[238]

Occasionally there is coverage not about Abdu'l-Baha - Tahirih among them.[239]

The New York Herald, June 7, 1912, p. 1.[240]

Chicago Defender[edit]

Coverage of the Baha'i Faith in the Chicago Defender had a prolonged history starting in 1911.

Duluth[edit]

Brief profile of Abdu'l-Baha and Him coming to states, March 25, 1912.[241]

The Independent[edit]

The Sept 12, 1912 talk by Abdu'l-Baha was printed in The Independent[242] following earlier profiles.[243][244]

Duluth notes Abdu'l-Baha coming[edit]

Points to service as Abdu'l-Baha approaches the US, Duluth Herald, April 24, 1912.[245]

New York Age[edit]

One focus is the series of articles in the New York Age newspaper which had prolonged coverage on the Baha'i Faith starting with ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in April 1912.

Pittsburgh Courier[edit]

Starting in October 1912, Coverage of the Baha'i Faith in the Pittsburgh Courier begins.

Bahaism[edit]

The West Australian, Perth, West Australia, May 11, 1912, p. 7, had a broad review.[246]

The Bahá'í Faith at Duke University[edit]

Someone from Washington DC donated a book to the Duke University Library in 1916-1917, there by making of the first mentions of the Faith in North Carolina. See The Bahá'í Faith at Duke University and The Baha'i Faith in the Triangle of North Carolina.

Prophecy posted[edit]

Baha'is of Duluth Mn sent in a letter to the editor describing the evens of WWI as a fulfillment of Baha'i prophecy.[247]

Attending 11th convention[edit]

Mr. and Mrs. Albert Killius are delegates to 11th NY Baha'i gathering from Duluth, April 1919.[248]

A Report to Abdul Baha[edit]

A Report to Abdul Baha of the Bahai activities in the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.[249]

Tablets of the Divine Plan convention[edit]

The public presentation of the Tablets of the Divine Plan presentation announced in newspapers June 1919.[250]

Babiism[edit]

The Daily Colonist, Victoria BC, October 19, 1919, p. 22 had a broad review quoting the London Times.[251]

tour of Janabe Fayel Mazandarani[edit]

Abdu'l-Baha's apppointed teacher to travel the US Baha'is was covered in several stories:

  • Duluth Herald, Dec 7, 1920.[252]

community meeting[edit]

Baha'i Mrs Henry Jahr hosts a meeting at her home in Duluth MN, Jan 24, 1920.[253]

A few articles mark the passing of Abdu'l-Baha[edit]

  • Brief notice with picture that He had passed. Duluth Herald, Dec 1, 1921, p. 1.[254]
  • The St. Louis Argus, (St. Louis MO), Dec 9, 1921[255]
  • Notice of memorial service in the Duluth Herald, Jan 7, 1922, p. 1.[256]
  • Upon Abdu'l-Baha's passing in Duluth Herald, Jan 11, 1922.[257]

in a fiction[edit]

A brief mention in a short story on p. 13.[258][259]

Time magazine[edit]

From 1924 Time magazine which began publication in 1923 has occasionally mentioned the Bahá'í Faith more than in passing. See Coverage of the Baha'i Faith in Time Magazine.

Further reading[edit]

"European Language Bibliography: Babi Religion, Chronological, 1844 - current". Babi-Baha'i Bibliographies. Association of Baha'i Studies, New Zealand chapter. May 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Ghadimi, Riaz (2009) [1984]. The Báb - The King of Messengers (PDF) (3rd ed.). www.juxta.com. ISBN 978­0­9698024­0­2. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); soft hyphen character in |isbn= at position 4 (help)

MacEoin, Denis (2009). The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism. Iran Studies. Vol. 3 (illustrated ed.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-17035-3. - note "In order to distance this work from the thought processes of true believers, I have deliberately written in a style designed to force a dislocation from the sort of pious veneration that closes the mind and leads to knee-jerk responses… the Bab was just a human being…" (from page xx)

Warrick, David (2019-09-08). "Declaration of the Báb" (pdf). Research. self. Retrieved 11-17-2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

"Mirza Malkam : L'inspirateur de la République Islamo-Maçonnique en Iran" (in French). iran-resist.org. 3-20-2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)(has several citations of works in 1850s.)

Momen, Moojan (9-8-2000). "Premiers récits occidentaux sur les religions Babies et Baha'ies de 1844 à 1944" (in French). Médiathèque - Centre de Resources Baha'ies Francophones. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Momen, Moojan (1999). "Early Western Accounts of the Babi and Baha'i Faiths". Draft for The Baha'i Encyclopedia. bahai-library.com.

MacEoin, Denis. "Babi history". The Babi and Baha'i Religions: An Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Press's ongoing series of Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) It noted several early newspaper accounts and other publications to a total of 231 entries to 1995 just on the Babi period.[260] However of the 19th century it noted 9 stories repeated a total of 16 times. As of Feb 2013 new finds documented here raise this total considerably. Just the first story and its echoes now count at least 12 instances. And by March it had perhaps doubled from that.

Amanat, Abbas (1989). Resurrection and renewal: the making of the Babi movement in Iran, 1844-1850. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Cornell University Press.

Moojan Momen (1981) [1977]. The Bábí and Bahá'í religions 1844-1944: some contemporary western accounts. G. Ronald. ISBN 978-0-85398-102-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

Smith, Peter (1987). The Babi and Bahaʼi Religions: From Messianic Shiʻism to a World Religion (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521301282.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Henry H. Jessup, D.D., Makes an Eloquent and Instructive Address The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 24 September 1893 • Page 2
  2. ↑ "Mahometanism and Woman". New-York Tribune. New York, New York. 18 Dec 1893. p. 5. Retrieved Jan 15, 2015.
  3. ↑ The Bahis of Persia, The Wayne County Herald, March 8, 1894, p. 8, 5th col down from top
  4. ↑ The Bahis of Persia, The Red Hook Journal, March 16, 1894, p. 1, 4th col down from top
  5. ↑ "Religions to be Dealt With", Guardian of 30 May 1894, p. 37, bottom of 2nd column and most of 3rd
  6. ↑ Religion of the Persians, Sacramento Daily Union of 14 July 1894, p. 6, bottom of second column, top of third.
  7. ↑ "Religion of the Persians", Delphos Daily Herald, Delphos, Ohio, Jan 3, 1895, p. 3, 6th column, middle
  8. ↑ Sophia Augusta Cottrell (1823–1909) & Henry Cottrell (1811–71), The Brownings’ Correspondence, 15, 354–357.
  9. ↑ note several source point to a Syracuse version - it is believed this is an error.
    • Henry Edward Plantagenet (March 9, 1895). "Babism". The Academy; Weekly review of literature, science and art. London, (WC) UK: Henry Villiers. 47 (1192): 220. Retrieved Feb 9, 2015.
    mentioned in Christopher Buck; Youli A. Ioannesyan (1 April 2010). "Baha'u'llah's Bisharat (Glad-Tidings): A Proclamation to Scholars and Statesmen". Baha’i Studies Review. 16 (1): 3–28. doi:10.1386/bsr.16.3/1. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check |doi= value (help)
  10. ↑ for whom a mother was found guilty - see The Shah's assassin will be tortured, The World, (New York, New York), 10 May 1896 • Page 21
  11. ↑ under a section of it's own beginning "The assassination of the Shah…", The Times, 2 May, p. 13, bottom of 5th column, much of 6th, or as selected
  12. ↑ A murdered Monarch, Tyrone Daily Herald, (Tyrone, Pennsylvania), 2 May 1896 • Page 1
  13. ↑ The Shah of Persia, St. John Daily Sun - May 2, 1896, p. 5
  14. ↑ There is a small one in the far right, 3rd down, that mentions Babis. Journaux du Soir far right, 3rd down, 3 May 1896, page 1
  15. ↑ *Trouble ahead for Persia, The Times, (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 3 May 1896 • Page 1
    • untitled, The Church Weekly, (London, Greater London, England), 15 May 1896 • Page 13
  16. ↑ Assassination of the Shah of Persia, The Sydney Mail - May 9, 1896, p. 10
  17. ↑ "Babist", The Davenport Democrat and Leader, Davenport, Iowa, 3 May 1896, p. 1, 3rd column, top
  18. ↑ "Massoud Schemed for the Murder", Chicago Daily Tribune, Chicago, Illinois, May 3, p. 5, 3rd column, below middle
  19. ↑ "Shah's Son did it", Omaha Daily Bee, Omaha Nebraska, May 3, 1896, p. 1, 3rd column, below middle
  20. ↑ "Shah's Son did it", The Salt Lake Herald, Salt Lake City Utah, May 3, 1896, p. 3, 5th column, top
  21. ↑ "Shah's son schemed", The Wichita Daily Eagle, May 3, 1896, p. 1, 1st column, top
  22. ↑ "In the Queen's Dominion", The Herald, Los Angeles California, May 3, 1896, p. 1, 7th column, top
  23. ↑ "Rumors of a Plot", San Francisco Chronicle, May 3, 1896, p. 18, 2nd column, down from top.
  24. ↑ "Uneasy his head", The Saint Paul Globe, St. Paul, Minneapolis, June 28, 1896, p. 8, 1st column, top
  25. ↑ "Across the water", The Hutchinson News, May 4, 1896, p. 8, 1st column of text, top
  26. ↑ The Shah's Assasination, Daily Colonist" (Victoria BC), May 3, 1896, p. 8, 2nd and 3rd columns from mid
  27. ↑ Pronounced a patricide, The Utica Journal, May 3, 1896, p. 1, 3rd col top
  28. ↑ "Nasr Ed Dine Chah" Le Temps of Paris, May 4, 1896, page 1, from mid 4th column
  29. ↑ "Fate of the Shahs Murderer", The World, p. 21, May 10, 1896, full page
  30. ↑ "The Shah's Assassin", The Church Weekly, London, 15 May , p. 13, 2nd column, middle
  31. ↑ It appears that Jemaledin…, North China Herald, Singapore, June 5, 1896, p. 7, far right col
  32. ↑ Tried to Kill the Shah, Brooklyn Eagle, Sunday, June 28, 1896, Page: 1
  33. ↑ "The New Shah", The Courier-Journal, 28 June 1896, p. 7, 4th column, down from top.
  34. ↑ "Didn't like him", The Salt Lake Herald, June 28, p. 2, 4th column, below middle
  35. ↑ "Shah's life attempted", The Wichita Daily Eagle, Wichita, Kansas, June 28, p. 1, 2nd column, above bottom
  36. ↑ "The New Shah of Persia", The Herald, June 28, 1896, p. 1, 6th column under cartoon
  37. ↑ "Shah's Life Attempted", The Hutchinson News, June 29, 1896, p. 8, 2nd column of text bottom to top of 3rd column of text, or bottom of left top of right as selected.
  38. ↑ note this requires a special plugin - see [1], Shah's Life in Danger, The Athens Banner, July 3, 1896, page 6, 3rd column, top.
  39. ↑ "The New Shah", New-York Tribune, July 3, 1896, p. 6, 4th column, form middle
  40. ↑ "The Babees", The Cincinnati Enquirer, 8 Aug, 1896, p. 4, 4th column above middle
  41. ↑ "Babees in Persia", The Belleville Telescope, 11 May 1899, p. 4, 2nd column below middle
  42. ↑ The slayer of the Shah, NY Sun, August 2, 1896, p. 3, far right col top
  43. ↑ "The Famous Babist Sect of Persia", San Francisco Chronicle, 15 Sept, 1896, p. 10, 7th column, from top
  44. ↑ Banded for Assassination, The Wyandott Herald, (Kansas City, Kansas), 24 September 1896 • Page 1
  45. ↑ Muzaffar-ed-din of Persia, The Wyandott Herald, (Kansas City, Kansas), 29 October 1896 • Page 1
  46. ↑ Persia's New Shah, San Francisco Call, 16 October 1896 page 2, first column, just below middle
  47. ↑ "The Armenians in Persia", The Times of London, 27 Oct, 1896, p. 5, 5th column, above middle
  48. ↑ "Muzaffar-ed-Din of Persia", 'The Davenport Democrat and Leader, Nov 16, 1896, p. 4, 3rd column of text, from top
  49. ↑ "Muzaffar-ed-Din of Persia", The Davenport Weekly Leader, Davenport, Iowa, Nov 20, 1896, p. 7, 5th column from top
  50. ↑ under "Career of the New Viceroy", The Washington Post, Sept 2, 1905, p. 1, 5th column, story starts at top, mention is below middle
  51. ↑ under "Foreign News", Alexandria Gazette, Alexandria D.C., October 8, p. 2, 5th column, middle
  52. ↑ Plot to kill Shah, Geneva Daily Times, Oct 8, 1900, p. 1, 5th col top
  53. ↑ "Plot to kill Shah", Daily Public Ledger, Maysville, Kentucky, Oct 9, 1900, p. 3, 4th column, below middle
  54. ↑ "Turkish police unearth a plot", The Sandusky Star-Journal, Sandusky, Ohio, 8 Oct, 1900, p. 1 , 2nd column, below middle
  55. ↑ The Shah in danger, The Waterloo Press(Waterloo, Indiana)11 October 1900 • Page 2
  56. ↑ The Shah in danger, The Monroeville Breeze(Monroeville, Indiana)11 October 1900 • Page 6
  57. ↑ A plot to assassinate:, Carolina Mascot(Statesville, North Carolina)18 October 1900 • Page 1
  58. ↑ The Bab and Babism, by J. D. Rees, Littel's Living Age, vol 9, issue 6, Aug 22, 1896, pp. 451–8
  59. ↑ *"Coming of the Mohammadan Messiah", The New York Times, 23 Aug, 1896, p. 22, 5th column, above middle
  60. ↑ "The Mohammedan Messiah",The Wichita Daily Eagle, Sept 25, 1896, p. 8, 5th column, below middle
  61. ↑ The Mohammedan Messiah, The Scranton Republican(Scranton, Pennsylvania)11 November 1896 • Page 8
  62. ↑ The Mohammedan Messiah, The Indiana Democrat, (Indiana, Pennsylvania), 16 December 1896 • Page 1
  63. ↑ Why Persia is Peaceful, Sterling Standard, Sept 3rd, 1896, p. 6, 5th column, top.
  64. ↑ Babees in Persia, The Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette, (Fort Wayne, Indiana), 6 September 1896 • Page 6
  65. ↑ Babees in Persia, The Belleville Telescope, (Belleville, Kansas), 11 May 1899 • Page 4
  66. ↑ "Bab and Babism". The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art. Leavitt, Trow, & Company. 1896. pp. 303–308. Retrieved 4 April 2013. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  67. ↑ Frank D. Staples…, The Portsmouth Herald, 6 January 1898 • Page 4
  68. ↑ Activity in Eliot, The Portsmouth Herald, 11 May 1900 • Page 1
  69. ↑ The weeks Lectures, The Portsmouth Herald, 15 July 1901 • Page 1
  70. ↑ Viceroy of India, The Portsmouth Herald(Portsmouth, New Hampshire)4 August 1898 • Page 3
  71. ↑ Under "Some New Books", "vi", The Sun, New York New York, September 11, 1898, p. 22, 5th column near bottom to 6th column top
  72. ↑ Histoiree générale du IVe siècle à nos jours: Révolutions et guerres nationales, 1848-1870, Volume 11 of Histoiree générale du IVe siècle à nos jours, Alfred Rambaud, pp. 554-560
  73. ↑ "Chicago Followers of Strange Religions", Chicago Daily Tribune, 16 April 1899, p. 46, whole page spread. Section on Kheiralla starts 1st column mid way down and into 2nd column mid way down.
  74. ↑ "Studyng a New Religion", The Fort Wayne Sentinel, Fort Wayne, Indiana, 24 May 1899, p. 2, 6th column, down from top
  75. ↑ Kheiralla wants headquarters, New York Herald, June 25, 1899, p. 3, left 3 col mid
  76. ↑ Kenosha, Wis, Oct 31, Eau Claire Leader, (Eau Claire, Wisconsin), 2 November 1899 • Page 2
  77. ↑ A secret religion, The Weekly Wisconsin, (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), 4 November 1899 • Page 8
  78. ↑ There is intense excitement…, The New York Times, (New York, New York), 6 November 1899 • Page 6
  79. ↑ "Mystery of a Sect", The Weekly Wisconsin, 18 Nov, 1899, p. 8, 1st column into 2nd
  80. ↑ "Full-Fledged Mahometan Church in "Darkest Wisconsin"", The Saint Paul Globe, St. Paul, Minnesota, December 10, 1899, p. 22, 6th and 7th column, from middle
  81. ↑ Two chapters mention him:
  82. ↑ Church of Mahomet in Wisconsin, The Allentown Leader(Allentown, Pennsylvania)11 April 1900 • Page 7
  83. ↑ Mohammedans in Wisconsin, The Sumner Press, (Sumner, Illinois), 3 May 1900 • Page 7
  84. ↑ Karim arrived…, Chicago Daily Tribune, (Chicago, Illinois), 6 June 1900 • Page 1
  85. ↑ Kheiralla is deposed, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 7 June 1900 • Page 12
  86. ↑ Repudiates old leader, The New North, (Rhinelander, Wisconsin), 14 June 1900 • Page 3
  87. ↑ "Mohammedans in this Country", The Times, Richmond, Virginia, July 08, 1900, p. 9, 6th column, above middle, to 7th column from top
  88. ↑ "Mohammedans in this Country", The Fort Wayne News, Fort Wayne, Indiana, July 11, 1900, p. 7, 3rd and 4th columns
  89. ↑ Mohammedans in this country, Asheville Daily Gazette(Asheville, North Carolina)12 July 1900 • Page 7
  90. ↑ Mohammedans in this country, Ogdensburg News, (Ogdensburg NY), July 12, 1900, p. 10, 3rd col top
  91. ↑ untitled story in The Atlanta Constitution, Atlanta, Georgia, on 14 Aug, 1900, p. 5, 6th column above middle to 6th column
  92. ↑ Kenosha misses Abdel Karin, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 14 October 1900 • Page 33
  93. ↑ Abdel Karin, Priest of Occultism, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 14 October 1900 • Page 34
  94. ↑ The Prince of Egypt Missing, Pittston Gazette, (Pittston, Pennsylvania), 15 October 1900 • Page 1
  95. ↑ Peter Smith (2004). Bahá'ís in the West. Kalimat Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-890688-11-0.
  96. ↑ "Babist Leader to Lecture", The Inter Ocean, Chicago, Illinois, Oct 19, 1900, p. 12, 2nd column, below middle
  97. ↑ Dr. Kheiralla to Lecture, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 26 October 1900 • Page 12
  98. ↑ Central Church of the Manifestation…, Chicago Daily Tribune, (Chicago, Illinois), 2 March 1902 • Page 48
  99. ↑ Activity in Eliot, The Portsmouth Herald(Portsmouth, New Hampshire)11 May 1900 • Page 1
  100. ↑ Greenacre, The Portsmouth Herald(Portsmouth, New Hampshire)29 June 1900 • Page 1
  101. ↑ under "Answers to Correspondents", Church Weekly, 22 Dec, 1899, p. 20, 3rd column, middle
  102. ↑ Mystic sect hold funeral, Fort Wayne Daily News, (Fort Wayne, Indiana), 16 May 1900 • Page 5
  103. ↑ Gash themselves with swords, The Cincinnati Enquirer, (Cincinnati, Ohio), 14 July 1900 • Page 12
  104. ↑ Denounced as a false prophet, New York Herald, August 2, 1900, p. 10, 2nd col top
  105. ↑ Prophet of Abbas has sailed away, New York Herald, Aug 3, 1900, p. 5, far right top
  106. ↑ These believe that Christ has returned to Earth, The New York Herald, Aug 12, 1900, p. 1
  107. ↑ * Abbas Abdal Beha, Daily Colonist, August 26, 1900, p. 4, 2nd and 3rd columns from middle onward.
  108. ↑ Abbas Abdal Beha, Victoria Daily Colonist, Aug 26, 1900, p. 4, mid of 2nd to 3rd col
  109. ↑ The New Woman, by Eliza Archard Conner, The Rome Daily Sentinel, Sept 17, 1900, p. 6, 4th col top
  110. ↑ The Babists, The Daily Times, (Troy, NY), October 26, 1900, p. 6, 4th and 5th cols
  111. ↑ A weird Sect, The Davenport Democrat and Leader, (Davenport, Iowa), 1 November 1900 • Page 8
  112. ↑ "Literary Notes", The Saint Paul Globe, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Nov 7, 1900, p. 4, 4th column, just down from top
  113. ↑ (under no title), Davenport Daily Republican, Davenport, Iowa, Feb 12, 1901, p. 4, 4th column, down from top
  114. ↑ Eliza Archard Coonner - Mother, Teacher, Journalist, Radical, Past Times, Vol 1, Issue 5, p. 3
  115. ↑ untitled in "The new woman" by Eliza Archard Conner, Janesville Daily Gazette, November 5, 1900, p. 9
  116. ↑ New Belief, The Duluth Evening Herald, Dec 10, 1900, p. ?, 3rd to top of 4th col
  117. ↑ Teach New Religion, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 16 December 1900 • Page 67
  118. ↑ Egypt's missionaries in Chicago, The Ottawa Journal, 18 December 1900. p. 6
  119. ↑ Three Egyptians…, El Paso Herald, (El Paso, Texas), 27 December 1900 • Page 2
  120. ↑ Christian Science Claims, Brooklyn Eagle, January 09, 1901, Page: 5
  121. ↑ Division of the Babists, The Morning Times(Washington, District of Columbia)21 January 1901 • First Edition
  122. ↑ "Babists in a Tumult", The Inter Ocean, Chicago, Illinois, Mar 3, 1901, p. 49, 4th and 5th columns
  123. ↑ Persia by a Persian: being personal experiences, manners, customs, habits, religious and social life in Persia, by Rev "Isaac Adams", Publisher E. Stock, 1906, originally published 1900
  124. ↑ To-day's news of the day's books; A new religion, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 6, 1901, p. 6, 3rd col down from top
  125. ↑ "Miss Arline Peck and the Babists", The Inter Ocean, July 7, 1901, p. 3, 3rd and 4th columns
  126. ↑ Yet another new religion, The Ottawa Journal, (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada), 20 July 1901 • Page 8
  127. ↑ Visit to the Babist chief, The Sun, Nov 24, 1901, p. 6, left top
  128. ↑ [ http://www.newspapers.com/clip/24940/babibahai_history/ "Peculiar Faith of the Babist Sect as Revealed by a Woman], The Inter Ocean, Chicago, Illinois, Dec 1 1901, p. 48, across the middle of the page, all columns
  129. ↑ Strange Ways in which Chicago teachers interpret the Bible, Chicago Daily Tribune, (Chicago, Illinois), 2 February 1902 • Page 53
  130. ↑ Expansion of the Saracen Empire, by "The Other Smith", Deaf Mutes' Journal of Feb 13, 1902, p. 2, second to last col on right from bottom to through mid of last col.
  131. ↑ Woman's auxiliary…, Chicago Daily Tribune, (Chicago, Illinois), 2 March 1902 • Page 56
  132. ↑ * Rise of Behaism, The Duluth Evening Herald, April 8, 1902, p. 7, 5th col from top onto 7th
    • Rise of Behaism, Duluth Evening Herald, April 8, 1902, p. 7, 5th column top into 6th and 7th columns
  133. ↑ Missionary Kheiralla sues for divorce, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 3 August 1902 • Page 4
  134. ↑ High Priest of Universal Religion wants divorce, Chicago Daily Tribune, (Chicago, Illinois), 18 October 1902 • Page 5
  135. ↑ Marriage licenses, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 15 April 1904 • Page 10
  136. ↑ A believer and his wives, NY Sun, October 18, 1902, p. 5, 5th col top
  137. ↑ Babists are split, The Duluth Evening Herald, Dec 3, 1902, p. 11, 2nd col. under top
  138. ↑ Teheran in state of unrest, Kingston Gleaner February 4, 1903, p. 7, far right, top
  139. ↑ Trouble in Teheran, The Monroe County Mail, Jan 29, 1903, p. 1, 4th col down from top
  140. ↑ "Told in her Boudoir" section of, 1st column bottom to 2nd column top.
  141. ↑ Religious Massacre in Central Persia, The Quincy Daily Whig, July 30, 1903, Page: 1
  142. ↑ Religious Riots in Persia(two stories down from link), Spokane Daily Chronicle - Jul 30, 1903, p.6
  143. ↑ Disturbances in Persia, The Times, London, August 1903, p. 4,
  144. ↑ Rioters kill reformers, Covina Argus, (Covina, California), 8 August 1903 • Page 3
  145. ↑ Bloody Religious riots in Persian town of Yezd, The Day - Jul 30, 1903, p. 1
  146. ↑ Bloody Persians, The Lewiston Daily Sun - Jul 30, 1903, p. 2
  147. ↑ Fanatcism in Persia, The Age - Aug 1, 1903, p. 11
  148. ↑ Persia, The Sydney Morning Herald - Aug 1, 1903, p. 9
  149. ↑ A week's history;(second column) Foreign Intelligence, 4th paragraph), Clinton Mirror - Aug 8, 1903, p. 6
  150. ↑ "Disturbances in Persia", The Times, London, Aug 3, 1903, p. 4, 1st column, below middle
  151. ↑ for a later edition see Myron Henry Phelps (1912). Life and Teachings of Abbas Effendi: A Study of the Religion of the Babis, Or Behaʹis Founded by the Persian Bab and by His Successors, Beha Ullah and Abbas Effendi. Putnam's.
  152. ↑ The Babs of Persia, The New York Times, (New York, New York), 15 August 1903 • Page 23
  153. ↑ Message of a New Religion, San Francisco Chronicle, (San Francisco, California), 3 December 1903 • Page 13
  154. ↑ Babism, The New York Times, (New York, New York), 26 December 1903 • Page 23
  155. ↑ "Religious Topics; A Babi at Green Acre (from the Springfield Republican)". American Cooperator Vo 2 N 14,. Lewiston, MA. 2 (15): 18–20. Sept 5, 1903. Retrieved Oct 2, 2014. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  156. ↑ The "Bab" religion has some converts among Brooklyn school teachers, Daily Standard Union, (Brooklyn, NY), Sept 13, 1903, p. 5, right side near middle with drawing of "Abbas Effendi"
  157. ↑ Mother Goose explained, The Coffeyville Daily Journal, (Coffeyville, Kansas), 26 December 1903 • Page 4
  158. ↑ Mother Goose Explained, El Paso Herald, (El Paso, Texas), 11 January 1904 • Page 4
  159. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named collegan
  160. ↑ Why don't you … try Babism?, New York Herald, Jan 16, 1904, p. 14, 2nd col, near top
  161. ↑ * "Allahu Abha," says Mirza to Washington, The Washington Times(Washington, District of Columbia)28 February 1904 • First Edition
  162. ↑ America the garden for new religions, The New York Herald, Oct 30, 1904, p.1 (magazine section)
  163. ↑ * (graphic art) A Washington Society girl's romantic pilgrimage to Syria to rescue the Beha, The Washington Times(Washington, District of Columbia)30 October 1904 • First Edition
  164. ↑ Wedded with weird words, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 17 November 1903 • Page 6
  165. ↑ Kenosha, Wis., The Minneapolis Journal,(Minneapolis, Minnesota),17 November 1903 • First Edition
  166. ↑ Persian Weds American, Bisbee Daily Review, (Bisbee, Arizona), 6 November 1904 • Page 8
  167. ↑ 167.0 167.1 National Congress of Parents and Teachers (1908). "Child Life in Persia". Proceedings of the ... Annual Meeting. pp. 40–44. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  168. ↑ THE PASSING OF MME, deLAGNEL by Marian Haney, Baha'i News, February 1932 p. 7
  169. ↑ [2]
  170. ↑ Ali Kuli Khan…, The Scranton Truth, (Scranton, Pennsylvania), 8 November 1904 • Page 4
  171. ↑ "Strange Religion of Babists who follow Abbas Effendi", The Washington Post, Washington, District of Columbia, December 18, 1904, p. 3
  172. ↑ Babist propaganda making headway here, The New York Times, (New York, New York), 18 December 1904 • Page 33
  173. ↑ "Shrine of Oman Coy", The Washington Post, June 19, 1908, p. 7, 6th column story starts at top, mention is below middle.
  174. ↑ Main story's covering suicide: Small clipping, unnamed religion Mrs. True to the House of Spir.
    11 Feb. 1905
    Mrs. True submitted a statement to the House of Spir. to be read at the Sunday meeting regarding a newspaper article about a supposed Bahá'í who committed suicide. "Consultation with the Beloved is one one of the corner stones of our Cause" she says. They decided against reading the statement.
    • Secular thought; a monthly journal of rational criticism in politics, science and religion, 1905; Volume: 31, Publisher: Toronto, C.M. Ellis, Call number: 0396-24660, page 126 mentions case
  175. ↑ 175.0 175.1 Venters, Louis E., the III (2010). Most great reconstruction: The Baha'i Faith in Jim Crow South Carolina, 1898-1965 (Thesis). Colleges of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina. ISBN through BiblioBazaar as 9781243741752, UMI Number: 3402846. {{cite thesis}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  176. ↑ Harvard Alumni aghast, The New York Press, Feb 10, 1905, p. 1, 6th col below mid
  177. ↑ Woman their leader, The Washington Post, 23 July 1905, Page 3
  178. ↑ Washington Society goes to see "Parsifal"; Growth of New Persian cult, The Indianapolis News, (Indianapolis, Indiana), 21 January 1905 • Page 23
  179. ↑ Mrs. Barney and Daughter on visit to Akka, Persia, The Washington Post, (Washington, District of Columbia), 10 July 1905 • Page 5
  180. ↑ Mrs. Hearst a convert, Oshkosh Daily Northwestern, (Oshkosh, Wisconsin), 13 June 1905 • Page 7
  181. ↑ "Color of Soul" to Guide Dressing, The New York Press, Nov 28, 1905, p. 7, 1st col down from top
  182. ↑ Notable persian here visiting friends in Brooklyn's Syrian Colony, Standard Union, (Brooklyn, NY), June 3, 1906, interviewed , p. 3, much of botton half of page
  183. ↑ Notable persian here (continued from page 3), Daily Standard Union, (Brooklyn. NY), June 3, 1906, p. 12, far right col top
  184. ↑ New Elijah for Chicago, The New York Press, (NY, NY), Aug 18, 1906, p. 2, 7th col under top
  185. ↑ In the land of the Turk, by William J. Bryan, The Commoner, (Lincoln, Nebraska), 31 August 1906 • Page 2
  186. ↑ Death of the Shah, The Times, (London, Greater London, England), 10 January 1907 • Page 4
  187. ↑ Mrs Wilfred P Allen…, The Washington Post, (Washington, District of Columbia), 2 April 1907 • Page 7
  188. ↑ Some new books; Latest book about Persia, The NY Sun, Nov 24, 1907, (see chapter XX summary in 3rd col down from top
  189. ↑ "New Books". The Scottish Geographical Magazine. XXIV (1): 46–47. January 1908. Retrieved Sept 28, 2014. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  190. ↑ Mrs. J. C. Merine…, The Kansas City Star, (Kansas City, Missouri), 19 January 1908 • Page 20
  191. ↑ The Bahai cult, Victoria Daily Colonist, Dec9, 1908, p. 16, from mid 3rd col to 4th mid
  192. ↑ Col. Nathan Fitzgerald mentioned, Los Angeles Herald, (Los Angeles, California), 7 February 1909 • Page 13
  193. ↑ Moojan Momen (1982). Studies in Babi and Baha'i History. Kalimat Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-890688-45-5.
  194. ↑ http://https://books.google.com/books?id=InyfXFVETOUC&v&pg=PA214#v=onepage&q&f=false The "Bahai Revelaton": Its western advance by Jean Masson, The American Review of Reviews, vol 39, no 2, February 1909, pp. 214–216
  195. ↑ Mirza Ali-Kuli Khan, Persian Bard, comes to edify local society, San Francisco Chronicle, (San Francisco, California), 11 February 1909 • Page 13
  196. ↑ Massmeetings and Entertainments, Chicago Daily Tribune, (Chicago, Illinois), 22 March 1909 • Page 12
  197. ↑ Temple; For the Bahai Cult in Chicago to be planned at Convention there to-day, The Cincinnati Enquirer, (Cincinnati, Ohio), 22 March 1909 • Page 3
  198. ↑ Bahais hold convention, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 21 March 1909 • Page 3
  199. ↑ Prominent Bahai devotees who are here attending annual convention, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 21 March 1909 • Page 3
  200. ↑ [behind paywall The Bab], '"The Leader, Moyie BC, p. 3, 2nd col, up from bottom
  201. ↑ Une Religion Nouvelle, Le Figaro - Supplément littéraire du dimanche, by Guy Darès, April 10, 1909, page 2
  202. ↑ "The House of Many Faiths", The New York Times, New York, New York, Apr 18, 1909, p.62, 1st column above middle to a couple lines top of 2nd column
  203. ↑ Chicago religious Mecca, Trenton Evening Times, (Trenton, New Jersey), 20 May 1909 • Page 16
  204. ↑ Church site bought for world worship, The Inter Ocean, (Chicago, Illinois), 18 May 1909 • Page 10
  205. ↑ Youthful Savant while will lecture on the life of Jesus, Los Angeles Herald, (Los Angeles, California), 18 November 1909 • Page 8
  206. ↑ Education in Persia, The Washington Herald, (Washington, District of Columbia), 9 January 1910 • Page 8
  207. ↑ Twentieth Century, Daily Standard Union (Brooklyn, NY), p. 7, 5th col below mid
  208. ↑ [behind paywall, 3rd column under advert], 'The Western Call, September 2, 1910, p. 2
  209. ↑ The Bahai Movement, The Southern indicator, February 19, 1921, p. 6
  210. ↑ *advertisement bottom right, The Afro-American citizen., January 17, 1900, page 2
  211. ↑ "Women's Rights in Orient", The Hutchinson News, Hutchinson, Kansas, Oct 5, 1911, p. 12, 5th column, from middle
  212. ↑ "The Coming of the Abbas Effendi, Messia go 6,000,000 Souls", The Washington Post, Dec 31, 1911, p. 1, upper half.
  213. ↑ "The February meetings…" in The Pacific Unitarian - Devoted to Religious Truth and Higher Life, March 1912, page 153, middle left column
  214. ↑ Egea. "Chronicles of a Birth - Early References to the Bábí and Bahá'í Religions in Spain (1850-1853)" (PDF). Lights of 'Irfán - Papers Presented at the 'Irfán Colloquia and Seminars. National Spiritual Assembly of the United States. 5: 59–77. {{cite journal}}: Text "first Amín E." ignored (help)
  215. ↑ * Ellis, William T. (Oct 21, 1909). "The Awaking of the Old Nations". The Independent. New York, New York. LXVII (3177). Retrieved September 25, 2014. --then a break for ones that do mention the Faith--
  216. ↑ "Book Review of "Men and Missions" by William T Ellis". Improvement Era. XIII (4): 369–370. February 1910. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  217. ↑ In "Behaism" Syria offers strange new religion ot the world, The Courier-Journal (Louisville, Kentucky)7 May 1911, Sun • Page 42
  218. ↑ 100 Years Ago: An American journalist visits ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in Ramleh, Alexandria, EgyptPosted on April 18, 2011
  219. ↑ The Awaking of the Older Nations, by William T. Ellis, Coatesville Herald, p. 2, 2nd-4th columns and picture
  220. ↑ The Awaking of the Older Nations, by William T. Ellis, Poseyville News, Nov 10, 1911, p. 6, left three cols
  221. ↑ The Awaking of the Older Nations, Mechanicville Saturday Mercury, Nov 11, 1911, p. 3, 2nd-4th cols
  222. ↑ The Awaking of the Older Nations, Escanaba Morning Press(Escanaba, Michigan)12 November 1911 • Page 7
  223. ↑ The Awaking of the Older Nations, by William T. Ellis, Portville Review, Portville NY, Nov 14, 1911, p. 2, 2nd-4th cols
  224. ↑ The Awaking of the Older Nations, by William T. Ellis, The Mancelona Herald, published by Joseph B. Bowles, p. 6, 2nd through 4th columns with picture
  225. ↑ THE EVOLUTION OF A PRESBYTERIAN RELIGIOUS JOURNAL by W. P. WHITE, Journal of the Presbyterian Historical Society (1901-1930), Vol. 10, No. 1 (MARCH, 1919), pp. 36-41
  226. ↑ Ghodsea Ashrof speaks at Bahaists meeting, The Washington Times(Washington, District of Columbia)19 June 1911 • First Edition, p. 4
  227. ↑ How Christmas grew to be what it is toeay - waiting for the Messiah and a New Christmas, by Henry Tyrrell, The Whitesville News, Dec 21, 1911, p. 3, see 3rd col near middle
  228. ↑ The Coming of Abbas Effendi, Messiah of 6,000,000 Souls, New York Herald, Dec 31, 1911, p. 4, top
  229. ↑ Growing Persian sect, Utica Saturday Globe, July 8, 1911, p. 10, 2nd col mid
  230. ↑ Women's rights in orient, The NY Sun, Oct 1, 1911, p. 8, 7th col, down from top
  231. ↑ "Minutes of the ... annual session of the Synod of New York". Presbyterian in the Synod of the Northeast. March 29, 1914. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  232. ↑ Rev. Simpson, Albert B; Rev. Smith, Eugene R., eds. (October 1881). "Persia Mission of the Presbytrian Church, Independent Mission Work In Persia and the Caucasus" (PDF). The Gospel in All Lands. New York: Bible House. 04 (4): 175–177. Retrieved 2010-03-14. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  233. ↑ Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpáygání (1998) [1912]. The Brilliant Proof. Los Angeles: Kalimát Press. p. APPENDIX Bahaism — A Warning, by Peter Z. Easton.
  234. ↑ Warns Americans against Baha, The Hawaiian Star(Honolulu, Hawaii)11 May 1912 • First Edition
  235. ↑ Burhan-i-Lami` (The Brilliant Proof): Published, along with an English translation, in Chicago in 1912, the paper responds to a Christian clergyman's questions. Republished as Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl Gulpáygání (1998) [1912]. The Brilliant Proof. Los Angeles: Kalimát Press.
  236. ↑ Love and Fire, Pittsburgh Daily Post (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)20 Apr 1912, Sat • Page 13
  237. ↑ Gertrude Franklin Horn Atherton (1912). Julia France and Her Times: A Novel. John Murray.
  238. ↑ "The February meetings…", The Pacific Unitarian - Devoted to Religious Truth and Higher Life, March 1912, page 153, middle left column. Also refers to another publication mention it. - the Christian Register of Feb 18.
  239. ↑ * "Persian was first", The Eufaula Republican, (Eufaula, Oklahoma), 20 September 1912 • Page 4
  240. ↑ (unititled), The New York Herald, June 7, 1912, p. 1, 3rd col bottom & next col
  241. ↑ "Votes for women" notes, The Duluth Herald, March 25, 1912, p. 6, 5th col below top, 2nd paragraph
  242. ↑ America and World Peace, by Abdul Baha Abbas, The Independent, vol 73 No 3328, Sept 12, 1912, pp. 606–609
  243. ↑ Literature; ... Miss Laura Clifford Barney…, The Independent, vol 70, no 3253, April 6, 1911, p. 733
  244. ↑ The Persian Prophet, The Independent, vol 73, no 3320, July 18, 1912, pp. 159–160
  245. ↑ Says service of men proves love of God, The Duluth Herald, April 24, 1912, p. 1, 6th col down from top
  246. ↑ "Bahaism", The West Australian, Perth, West Australia, May 11, 1912, p. 7, 3rd and 4th columns, or as highlighted
  247. ↑ An oriental prophecy, The Duluth Herald, Nov 13, 1918, p. 9, 4th col bottom
  248. ↑ To attend eleventh Bahai convention, Duluth Herald, April 25, 1919, p. ?, 6th & 7th cols bottom
  249. ↑ A Report to Abdul Baha of the Bahai activities in the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, U.S.A March–April, 1919
  250. ↑ Seek a world utopia, News and Observer(Raleigh, North Carolina)4 June 1919 • Page 4
  251. ↑ * Pilgrims in the Holy Land, Teachings of Babiism, by the Middle East Correspondent of the London Times, The Daily Colonist, Victoria BC, October 19, 1919, p. 22, right two columns
  252. ↑ Will speak here on Bahai movement, The Duluth Herald, Dec 7, 1920, p. 4, 4th col top
  253. ↑ Bahai Assembly, Duluth Herald, Jan 24, 1920, p. ?, col 8, below mid
  254. ↑ Leader of the Bahai movement passes away, The Duluth Herald, Dec 1, 1921, p.1, 2nd col near top
  255. ↑ Abdul Baha Pasha "Servant of God" dies, The St. Louis Argus, (St. Louis MO), Dec 9, 1921, p. 1, 7th col bottom
  256. ↑ Bahai followers in meet, The Duluth Herald, Jan 7, 1922, p.1, 7th col near middle
  257. ↑ Abdul Baha, The Duluth Herald, Jan. 11, 1922, p. 10, 5th col, top
  258. ↑ page 13 of The Master of Mysteries, number thirteen, copyright Bobbie Merritt(?), Buffalo Express, The Illustrated Magazine, Jan 30, 1921, mention is 1st col above mid
  259. ↑ The Master of Mysteries, number thirteen, copyrighted to Bobbie Merritt(?), Buffalo Express, The Illustrated Magazine, Jan 30, 1921, p. 12–?.
  260. ↑ MacEoin, Denis. "Babi history". The Babi and Baha'i Religions: An Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Press's ongoing series of Bibliographies and Indexes in Religious Studies. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
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