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National Spiritual Assembly

From Bahaipedia
See also: List of National Spiritual Assemblies
The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Samoa, as elected in 2005.

A National Spiritual Assembly is a nine-member administrative body tasked with overseeing the affairs of the Bahá’í community of a particular country. Like Local Spiritual Assemblies, all National Spiritual Assemblies have nine members and are elected annually, usually during the Ridván Festival (April 21-May 2). All Bahá’í elections occur in an atmosphere of prayer where nominations, campaigning, and all discussion of persons is forbidden.

The members of the National Spiritual Assemblies collectively serve as the electoral college for electing the Universal House of Justice.

History[edit]

‘Abdu’l-Bahá's era[edit]

The National Spiritual Assemblies existing at the close of the Ten Year Crusade, in 1963. Those Spiritual Assemblies that existed at the beginning of the Ten Year Crusade are indicated in dark blue.

National Spiritual Assemblies are first mentioned in ‘Abdu’l-Bahá's Will and Testament, but the fact that they would be established circulated for years before the contents of the Will became publicly available in early 1922. In 1909, Hippolyte Dreyfus wrote extensively about the role of the national House of Justice (as it would have been known then) in his The Universal Religion: Bahaism, Its Rise and Social Import.[1] In that year, also, the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada elected a nine-member “Executive Committee” for the Bahá’í Temple Unity, a continental consultative body formed to build the House of Worship in Wilmette, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. Subsequently the Bahá’í Temple Unity, which held annual conventions, appointed committees to publish Bahá’í literature, coordinate the spread of the Bahá’í Faith across North America, and review Bahá’í publications for their accuracy. By the time of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s passing in November 1921, the Bahá’í Temple Unity functioned as a “national” Bahá’í coordinating body.

Shoghi Effendi's era[edit]

In the same March 5, 1922 letter to the Bahá’ís of the world that called for the election of Local Spiritual Assemblies, Shoghi Effendi called on them to “indirectly” elect National Spiritual Assemblies. He also enumerated committees that a National Spiritual Assembly should have in order to carry out its responsibilities. “Indirect” elections referred to the process, mentioned in the Will and Testament of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, of the Bahá’ís electing one or more delegates from each locality, who would represent them at a national convention and would vote for the nine members of the National Spiritual Assembly.

The 1928 issue of The Bahá’í World listed nine National Spiritual Assemblies: Persia (Iran); the United States and Canada; Germany; Great Britain and Ireland; India and Burma; Egypt; Turkistan; Caucasus; and Iraq. Of these, the Iranian body was still the “Central Spiritual Assembly” in Tehran, elected by the Bahá’ís of that community; it wasn’t until 1934 that a national Bahá’í membership list could be drawn up that allowed the election of delegates and convening of a fully representative national convention. It is possible that the Turkistan and Caucasus bodies were preliminary as well.

Beginning in the 1950's Administrative bodies were established in regions where individual countries did not have communities large enough to require a National body, for example in 1951 all of South America elected a single body, and these were called Regional or National Spiritual Assemblies interchangeably. Regional Spiritual Assemblies were gradually disbanded as the Bahá’í communities of their constituent countries developed, for example by 1963 nearly every nation of South America had an independent National Assembly. Conversely some National Spiritual Assemblies have been formed for areas which are not independent countries, such as Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. This is usually because an area is geographically separated from the rest of its nation. Sicily has an independent National Assembly because Shoghi Effendi said major islands in the Mediterranean should elect independent National Spiritual Assemblies.

Progression[edit]

Main article: Statistics on National Spiritual Assemblies‎

Starting from three in 1923, the number of National Spiritual Assemblies increased slowly over the next thirty years; at the outset of the Ten Year Crusade in 1953, only 12 were in existence. The Ten Year Crusade, however, saw a dramatic increase in the number of Spiritual Assemblies—with a nearly fivefold increase by 1963. A further twofold increase was recorded by 1973.

Year Number of NSAs[2][3][4]
1923 3
1928 9
1936 10
Year Number of NSAs
1953 12
1963 56
1973 113
Year Number of NSAs
1979 125
1988 148
2001 182


Assembly Formations and Transitions[edit]

The tables in the following subsections provides a more detailed summary of the formation and transitions of National Spiritual Assemblies since their initial creation in 1923. Since nearly all NSA's are formed in late April or May, only the year of formation is provided. Each row represents one event. The terminology for the table is summarized here.

  • Year is the Year the event happened.
  • Count is a published count of NSA's for the year when available. (This number may not agree all of the time with a computed number since some events are probably missing from the table.
  • Action is the action associated with the event where:
    • Formed indicates the initial formation of the NSA.
    • Dissolved indicates the administrative dissolution of NSA's, usually due to its replacement by new NSA's.
    • Disbanded indicates that the NSA was disbanded due to government action or inability to function in the political environment.
    • Reformed indicated that a NSA previously dissolved or disbanded was reformed.
    • Renamed indicates that an existing Assembly was renamed, sometimes due to a change in its jurisdiction.
    • Changed indicates either name or jurisdiction was changed for an existing NSA.
  • National Spiritual Assembly is the name of the NSA with a link to the Bahaipedia page for the NSA.
  • Notes are additional information about the event where:
    • Precursor is a prior organization that lead to the formation of the NSA.
    • Jurisdiction is a list of countries under the authority of the NSA.
    • Predecessor is the NSA from which the NSA was formed using one or more of the countries in that LSA.
    • Successors are the NSA's formed at the dissolution of an NSA.

There are still many reference, countries, and som National Spiritual Assemblies to be created to complete this list properly.

National Spiritual Assembly Formations and Transitions 1923 to 1963[edit]

The following events took place between 1923 and the election of the Universal House of Justice in 1963.

Year Count Action National Spiritual Assembly Notes
1923 3 Formed England[5] Precursor - All-England Bahá’í Council (Sep. 1922); Jurisdiction - Great Britain, Ireland.[6] [7]
Formed Germany Precursor - Bahá'í Bund Stuttgart (Germany)[8] [9]
Formed India & Burma Jurisdiction - India, Pakistan, Burma.[10]
1924 4 Formed Egypt & Sudan Jurisdiction - Egypt, Sudan.[11]
1925 7 Formed Caucasus Modern Armenia, Souther portion of Azerbaijan, Igdir in Turkey.[12] [11]
Formed Turkistan Jurisdiction - Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan.[11]
Formed United States & Canada Precursors - Baha'i Temple Unity (1909-1922), NSA United States (1922-1925); Jurisdiction - United States, Canada, Alaska, Hawaii.[11]
1930 Renamed Great Britain Predecessor - England[13]
1931 8 Formed Iraq[14] Iraq.[11]
1934 10 Formed Australia and New Zealand Jurisdiction - Australia, New Zealand.[11]
Renamed Germany & Austria Predecessor - Germany, Jurisdiction - Austria, Germany.[11]
Formed Iran Precursors - The Consulting Assembly of Tihrán (1899), National Spiritual Assembly of Persia (1927); Jurisdiction - Iran.[11]
1937 Disbanded Germany & Austria Disbanded by order of the government.[15]
1938 Disbanded Caucasus Government pressure, many Bahá'ís arrested and deported to Iran or Siberia, Bahá'í literature seized.
1946 Reformed Germany & Austria End of war[16] [17] [15]
1947 Renamed India, Pakistan & Burma Predecessor - India & Burma (1923).[15]
1948 Formed Canada Predecessor - United States & Canada, Jurisdiction - Canada[15]
Dissolved Egypt & Sudan Succeeded by North East Africa
. Formed North East Africa Predecessor - Egypt & Sudan (1924); Jurisdiction - Tunisia, Algeria, the Morocco International Zone,Spanish Morocco, French Morocco, Spanish Sahara, Rio de Oro, Spanish Guinea, the Ashanti Protectorate, the French Cameroons, the British Cameroons, Northern Territories Protectorate, French Togoland, British Togoland, the Gambia, Portuguese Guinea, French West Africa, the Gold Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Madeira, the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands and St. Thomas Island, Abyssinia, Libya, Eritrea, Egypt, British, French and Italian Somaliland, Socotra Island and Sudan[18] [19]
Formed United States Predecessor - United States & Canada; Jurisdiction - United States, Alaska, Hawaii
Disolved United States & Canada Succeded by Canada & United States
1951 Formed Central America Jurisdiction - Antilles, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico,Nicaragua, Panama.[20][15]
Formed. South America Jurisdiction - Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela[15]
1953 Formed Italy and Switzerland Jurisdiction - Italy & Switzerland[15]
1956 Changed North East Africa Jurisdiction - Abyssinia, British Somaliland, Egypt, Eritrea, French Somaliland, Italian Somaliland, Libya, Socotra Island, Sudan[15]
Renamed North West Africa Predecessor - Egypt & Sudan (1924); Jurisdiction - British Cameroons, British Togoland, Gold Coast, Madeira, Sierra Leone, the Ashanti Protectorate, French Cameroons, Gambia.[15]
Formed Central & East Africa Jurisdiction - Belgian Congo, Comoro Islands, French Equatorial Africa, Ruanda-Urundi, Seychelles Islands, Tanganyika, Uganda, Zanzibar[15]
Formed South & West Africa Jurisdiction - Angola, South Africa, Zululand, Swaziland, Basutoland, Mozambique, St. Helena, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mauritius, Madagascar, Réunion Island, the Seychelles Islands, the Comoros Islands, Chagos Archipelago.[15]
1957 Formed Alaska Predecessor - United States; Jurisdiction - Alaska.[15]
Formed Arabian Peninsula Jurisdiction - Aden Protectorate, Bahrain, Hijaz, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia & Yemen.[21] [15]
Formed Australia Predecessor - Australia and New Zealand; Jurisdiction - Australia[15]
Dissolved Australia and New Zealand NSA's of Australia, New Zealand formed.
Formed Benelux Countries Jurisdiction - Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands.[22] [15]
Formed Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela Predecessor - South America, Jurisdiction - Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.[23]
Change Central America & Mexico Jurisdiction - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama.[24]
Formed Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia Predecessor - South America, Jurisdiction - Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay.[25]
Formed Greater Antilles Precursor - Central America; Jurisdiction - Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica.[26]
Formed Iberian Peninsula[27] Jurisdiction - Canary Islands, Portugal, Spain.[28] [15]
Formed India & Burma Predecessor - India, Pakistan & Burma; Jurisdiction - Burma, India
Dissolved India, Pakistan & Burma Successors - India & Burma, Pakistan formed.[15]
Formed. Pakistan Predecessor - India, Pakistan & Burma; Jurisdiction - Pakistan[15]
Formed New Zealand Predecessor - Australia and New Zealand; Jurisdiction - New Zealand[15]
Formed Northeast Asia Jurisdiction - Formosa, Hainan Island, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Macau, Sakhalin Island.[15]
Formed Scandinavia & Finland Jurisdiction - Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden.[15]
Dissolved South America Succeeded by - Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela and Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia
Formed Southeast Asia Jurisdiction - Andaman, Borneo, Brunei, Cambodia, Cocos Islands, Dutch New Guinea, Indo-China, Indonesia, Mentawai Islands, Malaysia, Nicobar Islands, Philippines, Portuguese Timor, Sarawak, Siam, Singapore, Vietnam.[29] [15]
1958 Formed France[30] Jurisdiction - France.[15]
1959 Formed Austria Predecessor - Germany & Austria[15]
Formed Burma Predecessor - India & Burma.[15]
Formed Germany Predecessor - Germany & Austria.[15]
Dissolved Germany & Austria Successors - Germany and Austria.[15]
Formed India Predecessor - India & Burma.[15]
Dissolved India & Burma Successors - India, Burma.[15]
Formed South Pacific Islands Jurisdiction - Cook Islands, Fiji, Gilbert Islands (now part of Kiribati) Ellice Islands (now Tuvalu), Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Loyalty Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga.[15]
Formed Turkey Jurisdiction - Turkey.[15]
1960 Disbanded North East Africa By government decree; Successor - Regional Administrative Committeee.[15]
1961 Formed Argentina Predecessor - Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia; Jurisdiction - Argentina.[15]
Formed Bolivia Predecessor - Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia; Jurisdiction - Bolivia.[15]
Formed Brazil Predecessor - Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela; Jurisdiction - Brazil.[15]
Dissolved Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela Successors - Brazil, Peru, Columbia, Ecuador & Venezuela
Formed Chile Predecessor - Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia; Jurisdiction - Chile.[15]
Dissolved Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia Successors - Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Uruguay & Bolivia.
Formed Costa Rica[31] Jurisdiction - Costa Rica.[15]
Formed Columbia Predecessor - Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela[15]
Formed Cuba Predecessor - Greater Antilles; Jurisdiction - Cuba.[15]
Formed Dominican Republic Predecessor - Greater Antilles; Jurisdiction - Dominican Republic.[15]
Formed Ecuador Predecessor - Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela; Jurisdiction - Ecuador.[15]
Formed El Salvador Predecessor - Central America and Mexico; Jurisdiction - El Salvador.[15]
Formed Ethiopia Regional NSA; Predecessor - North East Africa; Jurisdiction - Abyssinia, British Somaliland, Egypt, Eritrea, French Somaliland, Italian Somaliland, Libya, Socotra Island, Sudan[15]
Dissolved Greater Antilles Succeeded by - Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti & Jamaica
Formed Guatemala[32] Jurisdiction - Guatemala, British Honduras.[15]
Formed Haiti Predecessor - Greater Antilles; Jurisdiction - Haiti.[15]
Formed Honduras Predecessor - Central America & Mexico; Jurisdiction - Honduras.[15]
Formed Jamaica Predecessor - Greater Antilles; Jurisdiction - Jamaica.
Formed Mexico Predecessor - Central America & Mexico; Jurisdiction - Mexico.[15]
Formed Nicaragua Predecessor - Central America & Mexico; Jurisdiction - Nicaragua.[15]
Formed Panama Predecessor - Central America & Mexico; Jurisdiction - Panama[15]
Formed Paragua Predecessor -Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia ; Jurisdiction - Paragua.[15]
Formed. Peru Predecessor - Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela; Jurisdiction - Peru.[15]
Formed Uruguay Predecessor - Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia; Jurisdiction - Uruguay.[15]
Formed Venezuela Predecessor - Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela; Jurisdiction - Venezuela.[15]
1962 Changed Arabian Peninsula Jurisdiction - Aden, Aulaqi Sultanate, Beihan, Dhala, Fadhli Sultanate, Hadhramaut, Lower Aulaqi Sultanate, Mahra, Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
Formed Belgium Predecessor - Benelux Countries; Jurisdiction - Belgium.[15]
Dissolved Benelux Countries Successors - Belgium, Luxembourg & the Netherlands
Formed Sri Lanka Jurisdiction - Sri Lanka (Cylon).[15]
Formed Denmark Predecessor - Scandinavia & Finland; Jurisdiction - Denmark[15]
Formed Finland Predecessor - Scandinavia & Finland
Dissolved Iberian Peninsula[33] Successors - Spain & Portugal[15]
Disbanded Indonesia Ban on Bahá'í activities.[34]
Dissolved Italy and Switzerland Predecessor - Italy and NSA:Switzerland.[15]
Formed Italy Predecessor - Italy and Switzerland; Jurisdiction - Italy.[15]
Formed Luxembourg Predecessor - Benelux Countries; Jurisdiction - Luxumbourg.[15]
Formed Netherlands Predecessor - Benelux Countries; Jurisdiction - Netherlands.[15]
Formed Norway Predecessor - Scandinavia & Finland; Jurisdiction - Norway.[15]
Formed Portugal Predecessor - Iberian Peninsula; Jurisdiction - Portugl.[15]
Dissolved Scandinavia & Finland Successors - Norway, Sweeden, Denmark & NSA:Finland
Formed Spain Predecessor - Iberian Peninsula; Jurisdiction - Andorra, Canary Islands, Spain.[15]
Formed Sweeden Predecessor - Scandinavia & Finland; Jurisdiction - Sweeden.[15]
Formed Switzerland Predecessor - Italy and Switzerland; Jurisdiction - Switzerland.[15]
1963 Formed South West Pacific Ocean Predecessor - South Pacific Islands; Jurisdiction - Cook Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga.[15]

National Spiritual Assembly Formations and Trnsitions 1964 to 1973[edit]

The following events took place during the Nine Year Plan (1964-1973).

Year Count Action National Spiritual Assembly Notes
1964 Dissolved Central & East Africa Successors - [15] <! Need list ***
Formed Hawaiian Islands Predecessor - United States; Jurisdiction - Hawaii.[15]
Formed Indian Ocean Predecessor - South & West Africa; Jurisdiction - Mauritius, the Madagascar, Réunion, the Seychelles, Comoros & Chagos Archipelago.[15]
Formed Indonesia Predecessor - Southeast Asia, Jurisdiction - Indonesia, Mentawai Islands, Portuguese Timor, West Irian.[35] [15] [36]
Formed Kenya Jurisdiction - Kenya.[15]
Formed Korea Predecessor - Northeast Asia; Jurisdiction - Korea[15]
Formed Malaysia Jurisdiction - Brunei, Burma, Malaysia (Malaya), Singapore.[15]
Reformed Northeast Asia Jurisdiction - Formosa, Hong Kong, Japan, Macao[37][15]
Change North West Africa Jurisdiction Changed - Algeria, Canary Islands, Ifni, Madeira, Mauritania, Morocco, Rio de Oro, Spanish Sahara, Tunisia.[15]
Formed Philippines Jurisdiction - Philippines[15]
Formed South Pacific Ocean Predecessor - South Pacific Islands; Jurisdiction - Gilber Islands, Ellice Islands, Nauru, Fiji, American Samoa, Western Samoa, Tonga & Cook Islands[15]
Dissolved Southeast Asia Successors - Vietnam, Indonesia, <!Incomplete? ***
Change South & West Africa Jurisdiction - Angola, South Africa, Zululand, Swaziland, Basutoland, Mozambique, & Saint Helena; Successors - Indian Ocean, South Central Africa; Jurisdiction - Angola, Basutoland, Saint Helena, South West Africa, South Africa, Swaziland.[15]

South Central Africa & the Indian Ocean.

Formed South Central Africa Jurisdiction - Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi.[15]
Formed West Pacific Ocean Predecessor - South Central Africa; Jurisdiction - , Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, New Hebrides Islands, Solomon Islands.[15]
Formed Tanzania Jurisdiction - Pemba and Mafia Island, Tanzania.[15]
Formed Thailand Jurisdiction - Thailand, Laos.[15]
Formed Uganda & Central Africa Jurisdiction - Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo Republic, Gabon, Rwanda, Uganda.[15]
Formed Vietnam Predecessor - Southeast Asia; Jurisdiction - Cambodia, Vietnam.[15]
Formed West Africa Predecessor - North West Africa; Jurisdiction - Cape Verde Islands, Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Portugese Guinea, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Upper Volta.[38] [15]
Formed West Central Africa Predecessor - North West Africa; Jurisdiction - Cameroon, Corisco, Corisco Island, Dahomey, Fernando Po, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Spanish Guinea, St. Thomas Islands, Togo.[39] [15]
1965 Dissolved South Pacific Ocean Travel issues.
1966 Formed Brunei Jurisdiction - Brunei.[15]
1967 Formed Algeria & Tunisia (Sometimes called "North Africa") Predecessor - North West Africa; Jurisdiction - Algeria, Tunisia.[15] <! Need Predecessor ***
Dissolved Arabian Peninsula Successor - Eastern and Southern Arabia[15]
Formed. Belize Predecessor - Guatemala; Jurisdiction - Belize (British Honduras).[15]
Formed Cameroon Predecessor - West Central Africa; Jurisdiction - Camroon, Corisco and Sāl, Fernando Po, Principe Islands, Tomé, Spanish Guinea.[15]
Formed Eastern & Southern Arabia Predecessor - Arabian Peninsula; Jurisdiction - (Eastern) Al-Masirah, Bahrain Island, Hadhramaut, Kuria, Muscat and Oman, Qatar, Socotra Island, (Southern) Southern Yemen Republic, Trucial Sheikhs, Yemen.[15]
Formed Gilbert and Ellice Islands Predecessor - South Pacific Ocean; Jurisdiction - Gilbert Islands, Ellice Islands.[15]
Formed Laos Jurisdiction - Laos.[15]
Formed Leeward, Windward & Virgin Islands Jurisdiction - Leeward Islands, Virgin Islands, Windward Islands.[15]
Changed North West Africa Jurisdiction - Canary Islands, Ifni, Madeira, Mauritania, Morocco, Rio de Oro, Spanish Sahara.[15]
Formed Sikkim Jurisdiction - Sikkim.[15]
Changed South & West Africa Jurisdiction - Angola, Saint Helena Island, South Africa, South West Africa.[15]
Formed Swaziland, Mozambique & Basutoland Predecessor - West Central Africa; Jurisdiction - Basutoland (now Lesotho), Mozambique Swaziland (now Swatting).[15]
Formed Tauwab Jurisdiction - Taiwan.[15]
Changed West Central Africa Jurisdiction - Dahomey, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Togo.[15]
Formed Zambia Jurisdiction - Zambia (Northern Rodesia)).[15]
1968 Formed Sudan, Somalia & Ethiopia Jurisdiction - Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan.[15]
1969 Disbanded Algeria & Tunisia (Sometimes called "North Africa") Disbanded by government decree.[15]
Formed Burundi & Rwanda Predecessor - Uganda & Central Africa; Jurisdiction - Burundi, Rwanda.[15]
Formed Papua New Guinea Jurisdiction - Papua New Guinea.[15] [40]
1970 Formed Botswana Jurisdiction - Botswana (Bechuanaland until 1966).[15]
Formed Central Africa Predecessor - Uganda & Central Africa; Jurisdiction - Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville) Gabon.[15]
Formed Dahomey, Togo & Niger Predecessor - West Central Africa; Jurisdiction - Dahomey, Niger, Togo.[41]
Formed Fiji Jurisdiction - Fiji.[15]
Formed Ghana Predecessor - West Central Africa; Jurisdiction - Ghana.[15]
Formed Guyana, Surinam & French Guiana Jurisdiction - French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname.[15]
Formed Malawi Jurisdiction - Malawi (Nyasaland until 1964).[15]
Formed Near East Jurisdiction - Jordan, Lebanon, Syria.[15]
Formed Nigeria Predecessor - West Central Africa; Jurisdiction - Nigeria.[15]
Formed Samoa]] Jurisdiction - American Samoa, Samoa[15]
Formed Singapore[42] Jurisdiction - Singapore.
Formed Southern Rhodesia Jurisdiction - Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).[15]
Formed Tonga & Cook Islands Predecessor = South Pacific Ocean; Jurisdiction - Cook Islands, Tonga.[43]
Formed Uganda Predecessor - Uganda & Central Africa; Jurisdiction - Uganda.[15]
Dissolved Uganda & Central Africa Successors - Uganda, Central Africa.[15]
Formed Upper West Africa Predecessor - North West Africa; Jurisdiction - Senegal, Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde.[44] [15]
Dissolved West Central Africa Successors - Dahomey, Togo & Niger, Ghana, Nigeria.[15]
Formed Zaire Jurisdiction - Zaire (Before 1971 Belgian Congo, Republic of Congo).[15]
1971 Formed Arabia Jurisdiction - Arabia.[45]
Formed Central African Republic|Central African Republic Jurisdiction - Central African Republic.[15]
Formed Chad Jurisdiction - Chad.[15]
Formed Congo & Gabon Jurisdiction - Congo, Gabon.[15]
Disbanded Iraq Disbanded due to persecution.[46] [47]
Formed Ivory Coast, Mali & Upper Volta Predecessor - West Africa; Jurisdiction - Ivory Coast, Mali, Upper Volta.[15]
Formed Lesotho Predecessor - Swaziland, Lesotho & Mozambique; Jurisdiction - Lesotho (Basutoland until 1966).[15]
Formed Puerto Rico Jurisdiction - Puerto Rico.[48]
Formed Solomon Islands Predecessor - South West Pacific Ocean; Jurisdiction - Solomon Islands.[15]
Change. South West Pacific Ocean Jurisdiction - Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, New Hebrides.[15]
Formed Sudan Predecessor - Egypt; Jurisdiction - Sudan.[15]
Formed Trinidad & Tobago Jurisdiction - Tobago, Trinidad.[15]
Formed Uganda Jurisdiction - Uganda.[15]
Formed Windward Islands Jurisdiction - Windward Islands.[49] <! Needs Def ***
1972 Formed Afghanistan Jurisdiction - Afghanistan.[50] [15]
Dissolved Arabian Peninsula Successors - Eastern Arabian Peninsula, Kuwait.[15]
Formed Bangladesh Jurisdiction - Bangledesh.[51] [15]
Formed Barbados and the Windward Islands Predecessor - ; Jurisdiction - Barbados, Grenada, Grenadines, St. Lucia. <! Need Predecessor ***[15]
Dissolved British Isles Successors - United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland.[15]
Formed Eastern Malaysia and Brunei Predecessor - Brunei; Jurisdiction - Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak.[52]
Formed Burundi Predecessor - Rwanda and Burundi; Jurisdiction - Burundi.[15]
Disbanded Burundi Disturbances in the country, placed under an administrative committee.[15]
Formed Eastern Arabian Peninsula Predecessor - Arabian Peninsula; Jurisdiction - Saudia Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates.[15]
Formed Gabon Jurisdiction - Gabon.[15]
Formed Iceland Jurisdiction - Iceland.[15]
Changed Indian Ocean Successor - Malagasy Republic; Jurisdiction - Chagos Archipelago, Comoros.[15]
Disbanded Indonesia Government prohibition.[53]
Formed Kuwait Predecessor - Arabian Peninsula; Jurisdiction - Kuwait.[15]
Formed Mauritius Predecessor - Indian Ocean; Jurisdiction - Mauritius.[15]
Formed Malagasy Republic Predecessor - Indian Ocean; Jurisdiction - Malagasy Republic (Madagascar).[15]
Formed Nepal Jurisdiction - Nepal.[15]
Formed North West Pacific Ocean Jurisdiction - Caroline Islands, Guam, Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands.[15]
Formed Puerto Rico Jurisdiction - Puerto Rico.[15]
Formed Republic of Congo Predecessor - ; Jurisdiction - Republic of Congo.[15] <! Need Predecessor ***
Formed Republic of Ireland Predecessor - British Isles; Jurisdiction - Republic of Ireland.[15]
Formed Reunion Predecessor - Indian Ocean; Jurisdiction - Reunion.[15]
Formed Rwanda Predecessor - Rwanda and Burundi; Jurisdiction - Rwanda.[15]
Dissolved Rwanda and Buruni Successors - Burundi, Rwanda.[15]
Formed Seychelles Predecessor - Indian Ocean; Jurisdiction - Seychelles.[15]
Formed Singapore Jurisdiction - Singapore.[54] [15]
Formed Tunisia Jurisdiction - Tunisias.[55] [15]
Formed NSA:United Kingdom Predecessor - British Isles; Jurisdiction - England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales.[15] [56]
1973 Formed Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea.[57] [15]
Disbanded Equatorial Guinea Local circumstances.[15]
Formed Leeward and Virgin Islands Predicessor - ; Jurisdiction - Leeward Islands, Virgin Islands]].[15] <! Need Predecessor/Jurisdiction ***

National Spiritual Assembly Formations and Trnsitions 1974 to 1980[edit]

The following events took place between 1974 and 1980 and covers:

1974
113 Dissolved Eastern Asia and Brunei Successor - Malaysia.[58]
Formed Hong Kong Predecessor - Northeast Asia[59] [60]
Formed Japan Predecessor - Northeast Asia.[61] [62]
Changed Malaysia Predecessor - Eastern Asia and Brunei; Jurisdiction - Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak.[63]
Dissolved Northeast Asia Successors - Japan & Hong Kong.[64] [65]
Formed South East Arabia South East Arabia.[66] [67] <! Need Def ***
Dissolved Thailand Difficulty with the Bahá'í community [68]
1975
Formed Benin (Dahomey 1975-1976) Predecessor - Dahomey, Togo and Niger; Jurisdiction - Benin.[69]
Formed Ethiopia Predecessor - North East Africa (1956); Jurisdiction - Ethiopia, Eritrea, Libya, No longer included Somolia.[70]
Formed Dahomey Predecessor - Dahomey, Togo & Niger; Jurisdiction - Dahomey.[71]
Formed Gambia Predecessor - Upper West Africa; Jurisdiction - Gambia.[72]
Formed Jordan Predecessor - Near East; Jurisdiction - Jordan.[70]
Formed. Lebanon Predecessor - Near East; Jurisdiction - Lebanon, Jordan.[70]
Formed Liberia & Guinea Predecessor - West Africa; Jurisdiction - Liberia, Guinea.[73]
Disolved Near East Successors - Jordan, Lebanon.[70]
Formed Northern|Africa Predecessor - Northwestern Africa; Jurisdiction - Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Spanish Sahara, Tunisia.[74]
Disolved Northwestern Africa Successors - Northern|Africa, Western Africa.[74]
Formed Niger Predecessor - Dahomey, Togo and Niger; Jurisdiction - Niger.[75]
Renamed Senegal Predecessor - Upper West Africa; Jurisdiction - Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau & Cape Verde
Formed Sierra Leone Predecessor - West Africa; Jurisdiction - Sierra Leone.[76]
Dissolved Sikkim Merged with the NSA India after merger of countries.{sfn|Staff-1|p=99, 266}}
Formed Togo Predecessor - Dahomey, Togo & Niger.[41]
Formed Upper West Africa Predecessor - West Africa; Jurisdiction - Cape Verde Islands, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal.[77]
Changed West Africa}} Remove - Guinea, Liberia.[73]
Formed Western Africa Predecessor - Northwestern Africa; Jurisdiction - Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Chad, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Sāo Tomé, Sénégal, Sierra Leone, Upper Volta.[74]
1976
Disbanded Equatorial Guinea Government outlawed all religions.[78]
Disbanded Mali Recognition of the Faith susspended.[79]
Dissolved Swaziland and Mozambique Successor - Swaziland, Mozambique and Angola.[80]
Formed Swaziland, Mozambique and Angola Predecessor - Swaziland and Mozambique; Jurisdiction - Angola, Mozambique, Swaziland.[80]
1977 123
Formed French Antilles Predecessor - Leeward, Windward and Virgin Islands; Jurisdiction - Desirade Island, Guadeloupe and its dependencies, Iles des Saintes, Marie-Galante, St. Barthelemy, St. Martin (St. Maarten). [81] [82] [83]
Formed French Guiana Jurisdiction - French Guiana.[84] [85]
Formed Greece Jurisdiction - Greece.[86] [87]
Formed Guyana Jurisdiction - Guyana.[88] [89]
Formed Ivory Coast and Mali Predecessor - Ivory Coast, Mali and Upper Volta; Jurisdiction - Ivory Coast, Mali.[87]
Dissolved Ivory Coast, Mali and Upper Volta Successors - Ivory Coast and Mali, Upper Volta.[87]
Formed Marshall Islands Predecessor - ; Jurisdiction - Marshall Islands.[90] [91] <! Predecessor ***
Formed New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands Predecessor - South West Pacific Ocean; Jurisdiction - Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia.[92]
Formed New Hebrides Predecessor - South West Pacific Ocean; Jurisdiction - New Hebrides.[92]
Dissolved South West Pacific Ocean Successors - New Hebrides, NSA:New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands.[92]
Formed Surinam Jurisdiction - Surinam.[93] [94]
Disolved Swaziland, Mozambique and Angola [95]
Reformed Thailand Jurisdiction - Thailand.[96]
Disbanded Uganda 27 religious organizations banned.[97]
Formed Upper Volta Predecessor - Ivory Coast, Mali and Upper Volta; Jurisdiction - Upper Volta (Burkina Faso).[87] [98]
Changed Vietnam First NSA of the Unified Vietnam.[99]
1978
Formed Bahamas Jurisdiction - Bahamas.[100]
Formed. Burundi Jurisdiction - Burundi.[101]
Formed Cyprus Jurisdiction - Cyprus.[102]
Reformed Burundi Jurisdiction - Burundi.[103]
Formed Mariana Islands Jurisdiction - Mariana Islands.[104]
Renamed Mauritania Predecessor - Senegal; Jurisdiction - Mauritania.[105]
Disbanded Niger Disbanded due to government restrictions.[106]
Formed Oman Jurisdiction - Oman.[107]
Formed Qatar Jurisdiction - Qatar.[108]
Formed Swaziland Jurisdiction - Swaziland.[95]
Disbanded Vietnam Government forbid open practice of Bahá'í Faith.[109]
1979
Disbanded Afghanistan Disbanded due persecution and polictical instability.[110]
1980
Formed Transkei Predecessor - South and West Africa.[111] [112]
Renamed Vanuatu Prior name - New Hebrides; Jurisdiction - Vanuatu.[92]

National Spiritual Assembly Formations and Trnsitions 1980 to 2025[edit]

The following events took place between 1974 and 2025 and covers:

1981
Formed Barbados Predecessor - Lesser Antellis; Jurisdiction - Barbados.[113] [114]
Formed Bermuda [Jurisdiction - [Bermuda]].[115] [116]
Formed Bophuthatswana Predecessor - South West Africa; Jurisdiction - Bophuthatswana.[117] [118]
Formed Kiribati Predecessor - Gilbert and Ellice Islands; Jurisdiction - Kiribati (Gilbert Islands).[119] [120]
Formed Leeward Islands Predecessor - Lesser Antellis; Jurisdiction - Leeward Islands.[121] [122]
Formed Namibia Predecessor - South West Africa; Jurisdiction - Namibia.[123] [124]
Formed St. Vincent and the Grenadines Predecessor - Lesser Antellis; Jurisdiction - Namibia.[125] [126]
Formed Tuvalu Predecessor - Gilbert and Ellice Islands; Jurisdiction - Tuvalu (Ellice Islands).[127] [128]
Reformed Uganda Jurisdiction - Uganda.[97] [129]
Formed Virgin Islands Predecessor - Lesser Antellis; Jurisdiction - British Virgin Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands.[97] [118]
Formed Windwaard Islands Predecessor - Lesser Antellis; Jurisdiction - Windward Islands.[130] [114]
Dissolved Zaire Jurisdiction - Zaire.[131]
1982
Formed Guinea Predecessor - Liberia & Guinea; Jurisdiction - Guinea.[73] [132]
Formed Liberia Predecessor - Liberia & Guinea; Jurisdiction - Liberia.[73] [132]
Dissolved Liberia & Guinea Formed Liberia & Guinea.[73] [132]
Formed Morocco Predecessor - North West Africa; Jurisdiction - Morocco[133]
Reformed Nepal Jurisdiction - Nepal.[134]
1983 135
Formed Dominica Predecessor - Windward Islands; Jurisdiction - Dominica[135]
Disbanded Iran Executions, Arrests, Persecution (29 August 1983)[136] [137]
Disbanded Mauritania Seven Bahá'ís were arrested and interrogated. <! Need Ref ***
Disbanded Morocco Government made it illegal. <! Need Ref ***
Reformed Nepal Jurisdiction - Nepal[138]
Formed St. Lucia Predecessor - Windward Islands; Jurisdiction - St. Lucia[139]
Formed St. Vincent and Grenada Predecessor - Windward Islands; Jurisdiction - Grenanda, St. Vicent[140]
Reformed Uganda Uganda,[141]
1984 143[142]
Formed Andaman and Nicobar Islands Predecessor - ???; Jurisdiction - Andaman, Nicobar Islands.[143]
Formed Canary Islands Predecessor - [[NSA:Spain|Spain]; Jurisdiction Canary Islands.[144]
Formed Cape Verde Islands Predecessor - Senegal; Jurisdiction - Cape Verde Islands.[145]
Reformed Equatorial Guinea Jurisdiction - Equatorial Guinea.[146]
Formed French Guiana Predecessor - Suriname and French Guiana; Jurisdiction - French Guiana.[147]
Formed. Grenada Predecessor - West Iseland; Jurisdiction - Grenada.[148]
Formed Gabon Predecessor - ???; Jurisdiction - Gabon.[149]
Formed Guadeloupe Predecessor - ???; Jurisdiction - Guadeloupe.[149]
Formed Martinique Predecessor - Windward Islands; Jurisdiction - Martinique.[150]
Formed St. Vincent and the Grenadines Predecessor - St. Vincent & Grenada; Jurisdiction - Grenedines, St. Vincent.[148]
Formed Suriname]] Predecessor - Suriname and French Guiana; Jurisdiction - Suriname.[147]
Formed Yemen (North) Predecessor - Arabian Peninsula; Jurisdiction - Yemen.[151] [152]
1985 148
Dissolved Caroline Islands Successors - Eastern Caroline Islands, Western Caroline Islands.[153]
Formed Ciskei Predecessor - ???; Jurisdiction - Ciskei.[154] [155]
Formed Cook Islands Predecessor - Tonga and the Cook Islands; Jurisdiction - Cook Islands, French Polynesia.[156] [157]
Formed Eastern Caroline Islands Predecessor - Caroline Islands; Jurisdiction - [Eastern Caroline Islands]].[158]
Formed Ivory Coast Predecessor - Ivory Coast and Mali; Jurisdiction - Ivory Coast.[159]
Dissolved Ivory Coast and Mali Successors - Ivory Coast, Mali Jurisdiction - Mali.[159]
Formed Mali Predecessor - Ivory Coast and Mali; Jurisdiction - Mali.[160] [161]
Formed Mozambique Predecessor - ???; Jurisdiction - Mozambique.[162]
Changed New Caledonia Jurisdiction - French Polynesia moved to the Cook Islands.[157]
Formed Tonga Successors - Cook Islands, Tonga.[157]
Dissolved Tonga and the Cook Islands Predecessor - ; Jurisdiction - [Tonga]].[157]
Formed Western Caroline Islands Predecessor - Caroline Islands; Jurisdiction - [Western Caroline Islands]].[163]
1986
Disbanded Liberia Unrest in country.[132]
1987
Renamed South Africa Previous name - South and West Africa.[164]
Reformed Zaire Jurisdiction - Zaire.[165] [166]
1989
Formed Guinea-Bissau Predecessor - Senegal; Jurisdiction - Guinea-Bissau.[167] [168]
Formed Macau Predecessor - ???; Jurisdiction - Macau.[169] [168]
1991 155
Formed Czechoslovakia Jurisdiction - Czechoslovakia.[170] [171]
Dissolved Leeward Islands Successor - East Leeward Islands, West Leeward Islands.[172]
Formed East Leeward Islands Predecessor - Leeward Islands; Jurisdiction - ???.[173]
Disbanded Liberia Civil war.[174] [175]
Formed Romania Jurisdiction - Romania.[176] Template:Ssfn
Formed Soviet Union Jurisdiction - Armenia, Georgia (country), Russia.[177] [178]
Formed West Leeward Islands Predecessor - Leeward Islands; Jurisdiction - ???.[179] [180]
1992 165
Formed Albania Jurisdiction - Albania.[181] [182]
Formed Angola Jurisdiction - Angola.[183] [184]
Reformed Azerbaijan Jurisdiction - Azerbaijan.[185]
Formed Baltic States Jurisdiction - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.[186] [187]
Formed Bulgaria Jurisdiction - Bulgaria.[188] [189]
Formed Central Asia Jurisdiction - Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan (Kirghizia), Tajikistan (Tadzhikistan), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.[190]
Reformed Congo Republic Jurisdiction - Congo Republic.[191] [192]
Formed Greenland Jurisdiction - Greenland.[193] [194]
Formed Hungary Jurisdiction - Hungary.[195] [196]
Reformed Niger Government restrictions lifted.[197] [198]
Formed Poland Jurisdiction - Poland.[199] [200]
Renamed Russia, Georgia and Armenia Previous name - Soviet Union; Jurisdiction - Russia, Armenia & Georgia.[201] [202]
Dissolved Soviet Union Successors - Ukraine, Belarus and Maldova, Russia.[178]
Formed Ukraine, Belarus, & Moldova Predecessor - Soviet Union; Jurisdiction - Belarus, Maldova, Ukraine.[203] [204]
1993 165
Renamed Czech Republic and Slovakia Previous Name - Czechoslovakia; Country divided. Jurisdiction - Czech Republic, Slovakia.
1994 172
Dissolved Bophuthatswana Country absorbed into South Africa; Successor - South Africa.[122]
Formed Cambodia Jurisdiction - Cambodia.[205] [206]
Dissolved Central Asia Successors - Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan & Uzbekistan.[207]
Formed Kazakhstan Predecessor - Central Asia; Jurisdiction - Kazakhstan.[208]
Formed Kyrgyzstan Predecessor - Central Asia; Jurisdiction - Kyrgyzstan.[209]
Formed Mongolia Jurisdiction - Mongolia.[210]
Formed Slovenia & Croatia Jurisdiction - Croatia, Slovenia.[211]
Formed Tajikistan Predecessor - Central Asia; Jurisdiction - Tajikistan.[207]
Formed Turkmenistan Predecessor - Central Asia; Jurisdiction - Turkmenistan.{{sfn|Staff-1|p=2724}
Formed Uzbekistan Predecessor - Central Asia; Jurisdiction - Uzbekistan.[212]
1995 174
Formed Armenia Predecessor - Russia; Jurisdiction - Armenia[213] [214]
Formed Belarus Predecessor - Ukraine, Belarus, & Moldova; Jurisdiction - Belarus.[215] [216]
Dissolved Ciskei Absorbed into South Africa; Jurisdiction - Ciskei.[217] [155]
Formed Eritrea Predecessor - Ethiopia; Jurisdiction - Eritrea.[218] [219]
Formed Georgia Predecessor - Russia; Jurisdiction - [[Georgia].[220] [221]
Formed Sicily Jurisdiction - Sicily.[222] [223]
Formed South Africa Jurisdiction - South Africa, Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei.[224]
Dissolved Transkei Merged - South Africa.[225]
Dissolved Ukraine, Belarus, & Moldova Successors - NSA:Ukraine and Maldova.[216]
Formed NSA:Ukraine and Maldova Predecessor - Ukraine, Belarus, & Moldova; Jurisdiction - Maldova, Ukraine.[226]
1996 174
Dissolved Burundi Political instability.[227] [228]
Formed Maldova Predecessor - Ukraine and Moldova.[229] [230]
Dissolved Rwanda Politica instability.[231] [230]
Formed São Tomé and Príncipe (Dissolved or Disbanded at some point, reformed in 2021)Predecessor - ???; Jurisdiction - São Tomé, Príncipe.[232] [233]
Formed Ukrain Predecessor - Ukraine, Belarus, & Moldova; Jurisdiction - Ukraine.[230]
Dissolved Ukraine and Moldova Successors - Ukrain, Maldova.[230]
1997 175[234]
Reformed Rwanda [235] [234]
1998 179[236]
Formed Czech Republic Predecessor - Czechoslovokia; Jurisdiction - Czech Republic.[237]
Dissolved Czechoslovokia Successors - Czech Republic, Slovokia.[237]
Reformed Liberia [238] [239]
Formed Sabah [240] [236]
Formed Sarwak [241] [236]
Formed Slovokia Predecessor - Czechoslovokia; Jurisdiction - Slovoka.[242] [236]
1999
Dissolved Baltic States Successors - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.[243]
Formed Estonia Predecessor - Baltic States; Jurisdiction - Estonia.[244]
Reformed Indonesia Jurisdiction - Indonesia.[245]
Reformed Iraq Jurisdiction - Iraq.[246]
Formed Latvia Predecessor - Baltic States; Jurisdiction - Latvia.[247]
Formed Lithuania Predecessor - Baltic States; Jurisdiction - Lithuania.[248]
Formed Macedonia Predecessor - ???; Jurisdiction - Macedonia.
Reformed Vietnam Jurisdiction - Vietnam.[249]
2000 181[250]
2001 182
Reformed Indonesia [251]
2004
183 Reformed Iraq
2006
Formed Croatia Predecessor - Slovenia & Croatia
Formed Slovenia Predecessor - Slovenia & Croatia
Dissolved Slovenia & Croatia Successors - Slovenia & Croatia
2007
Disbanded Romania New law required 22,000 followers and wait 12 years from submission of request for certification. Bahá'ís only had 7,000 followers.Template:Ssfn
Reformed Vietnam
2011
Reformed Burundi Jurisdiction - Burndi.[252]
2018
Disbanded Yemen Order of the court
2021
Formed Croatia Predecessor - Slovenia & Croatia; Jurisdiction - Croatia.Template:Ssfn
Reformed Sāo Tomé and Principe Jurisdiction - Sāo Tomé and Principe.[253]
Formed Slovenia Predecessor - Slovenia & Croatia; Jurisdiction - Slovenia.Template:Ssfn
Dissolved Slovenia & Croatia Successors - Slovenia & CroatiaTemplate:Ssfn
Formed Timor-Lest Predecessor - ???; Jurisdiction - Timor-Lest.Template:Ssfn
2023
Reformed Morocco

References[edit]

  • "National Spiritual Assemblies". 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  1. ↑ Hippolyte Dreyfus, The Universal Religion: Bahaism, Its Rise and Social Import (London: Cope and Fenwick, 1909), 126-51.
  2. ↑ Notes on Research on National Spiritual Assemblies Asia Pacific Bahá’í Studies.
  3. ↑ Bahá’í World Statistics 2001 by Bahá’í World Center Department of Statistics, 2001-08
  4. ↑ The Life of Shoghi Effendi by Helen Danesh, John Danesh and Amelia Danesh, Studying the Writings of Shoghi Effendi, edited by M. Bergsmo (Oxford: George Ronald, 1991)
  5. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1937). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. New York City, NY. Volume 6 (1934-1936), Pg(s) 333. View as PDF.
  6. ↑ Earl Redman (2015). Shoghi Effendi Through the Pilgrim's Eye, Volume 1: Building the Administrative Order, 1922-1952. United Kingdom: George Ronald. p. 56. ISBN 9780853985884.
  7. ↑ Helen Danesh, John Denesh, Amelia Danesh (1991). "The Life of Shoghi Effendi". Bahá'í Library Online.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ Sonne der Wahrheit‘, 1922-1923, Vol. 2. No 07, p. 110; Vol. 2. No 08, p. 124f.; Vol. 2. No 09, p. 141ff.
  9. ↑ Helen Danesh, John Denesh, Amelia Danesh (1991). "The Life of Shoghi Effendi". Bahá'í Library Online.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ Helen Danesh, John Denesh, Amelia Danesh (1991). "The Life of Shoghi Effendi". Bahá'í Library Online.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 Danesh 1991.
  12. ↑ "Chronology of the Bahá'í Faith". Bahá'í Library Online.
  13. ↑ Staff-1. "Tag: "National Spiritual Assembly, formation"".
  14. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1928). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. New York City, NY. Volume 2 (1926-1928), Pg(s) 181. View as PDF.
  15. ↑ 15.000 15.001 15.002 15.003 15.004 15.005 15.006 15.007 15.008 15.009 15.010 15.011 15.012 15.013 15.014 15.015 15.016 15.017 15.018 15.019 15.020 15.021 15.022 15.023 15.024 15.025 15.026 15.027 15.028 15.029 15.030 15.031 15.032 15.033 15.034 15.035 15.036 15.037 15.038 15.039 15.040 15.041 15.042 15.043 15.044 15.045 15.046 15.047 15.048 15.049 15.050 15.051 15.052 15.053 15.054 15.055 15.056 15.057 15.058 15.059 15.060 15.061 15.062 15.063 15.064 15.065 15.066 15.067 15.068 15.069 15.070 15.071 15.072 15.073 15.074 15.075 15.076 15.077 15.078 15.079 15.080 15.081 15.082 15.083 15.084 15.085 15.086 15.087 15.088 15.089 15.090 15.091 15.092 15.093 15.094 15.095 15.096 15.097 15.098 15.099 15.100 15.101 15.102 15.103 15.104 15.105 15.106 15.107 15.108 15.109 15.110 15.111 15.112 15.113 15.114 15.115 15.116 15.117 15.118 15.119 15.120 15.121 15.122 15.123 15.124 15.125 15.126 15.127 15.128 15.129 15.130 15.131 15.132 15.133 15.134 15.135 15.136 15.137 15.138 15.139 15.140 15.141 15.142 15.143 15.144 15.145 15.146 15.147 15.148 15.149 15.150 15.151 15.152 15.153 15.154 15.155 15.156 15.157 15.158 15.159 15.160 Staff-1.
  16. ↑ Baha'i News (1940). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada. No 137, Pg(s) 9. View as PDF.
  17. ↑ https://bahai-library.com/achievements_victories_guardianship
  18. ↑ Baha'i News (1954). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 285, Pg(s) 2-10 May 2020. View as PDF.
  19. ↑ Baha'i News (1957). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 311, Pg(s) 2-10 May 2020. View as PDF.
  20. ↑ Baha'i News (1951). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 244, Pg(s) 12. View as PDF.
  21. ↑ The Bahá’í World, An International Record. (1970). Bahá’í World Centre. Haifa. Volume 13 (1954-1963), Pg(s) 996. View as PDF.
  22. ↑ Baha'i World, Vol. 19, p 642
  23. ↑ https://bahai-library.com/hassall_nsas_years_formation
  24. ↑ Baha'i News (1951). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 244, Pg(s) 12. View as PDF.
  25. ↑ https://bahai-library.com/hassall_nsas_years_formation
  26. ↑ Baha'i News (1957). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 312, Pg(s) 7. View as PDF.
  27. ↑ Baha'i News (1957). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 316, Pg(s) 10. View as PDF.
  28. ↑ https://bahai.es/quienes-somos/historia/evolucion-estructura-administrativa/
  29. ↑ Baha'i News (1957). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 319, Pg(s) 4. View as PDF.
  30. ↑ Baha'i News (1958). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 329, Pg(s) 16. View as PDF.
  31. ↑ Baha'i News (July 1961). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 364, Pg(s) 2. View as PDF.
  32. ↑ Baha'i News (July 1961). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 364, Pg(s) 2. View as PDF.
  33. ↑ Baha'i News (1957). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 316, Pg(s) 10. View as PDF.
  34. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 2001".
  35. ↑ Baha'i News (1963). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 393, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  36. ↑ Baha'i News (1964). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 400, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  37. ↑ Baha'i News (1963). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 393, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  38. ↑ Baha'i News (1963). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 393, Pg(s) 2. View as PDF.
  39. ↑ Baha'i News (1963). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 393, Pg(s) 2. View as PDF.
  40. ↑ Baha'i News (1969). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 463, Pg(s) 2. View as PDF.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Staff-1, p. 120, 171.
  42. ↑ Baha'i News (1972). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 495, Pg(s) 11. View as PDF.
  43. ↑ Staff-1, p. 118.
  44. ↑ Baha'i News (1975). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 526, Pg(s) 5. View as PDF.
  45. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 197. ISBN 0877432392.
  46. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 212. ISBN 0877432392.
  47. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 197. ISBN 0877432392.
  48. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 197. ISBN 0877432392.
  49. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 197. ISBN 0877432392.
  50. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 197. ISBN 0877432392.
  51. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 197. ISBN 0877432392.
  52. ↑ Staff-1, p. 155.
  53. ↑ Baha'i News (1964). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 400, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  54. ↑ Baha'i News (1972). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 495, Pg(s) 11. View as PDF.
  55. ↑ Baha'i News (1972). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 495, Pg(s) 11. View as PDF.
  56. ↑ "UK Baha'is elect national governing council". NSA of the Baha'is of the UK. 2 May 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
  57. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 254. ISBN 0877432392.
  58. ↑ Staff-1, p. 169.
  59. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 261. ISBN 0877432392.
  60. ↑ Staff-1, p. 167.
  61. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 261. ISBN 0877432392.
  62. ↑ Staff-1, p. 166.
  63. ↑ Staff-1, p. 159, 169.
  64. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 261. ISBN 0877432392.
  65. ↑ Staff-1, p. 166-167.
  66. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 261. ISBN 0877432392.
  67. ↑ Staff-1, p. 168.
  68. ↑ Staff-1, p. 165.
  69. ↑ Staff-1, p. 177.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 Staff-1, p. 175.
  71. ↑ Staff-1, p. 120.
  72. ↑ Staff-1, p. 173.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 73.4 Staff-1, p. 178.
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Staff-1, p. 179.
  75. ↑ Staff-1, p. 176.
  76. ↑ Staff-1, p. 170.
  77. ↑ Staff-1, p. 172.
  78. ↑ Staff-1, p. 180.
  79. ↑ Staff-1, p. 182.
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Staff-1, p. 181.
  81. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 361-362. ISBN 0877432392.
  82. ↑ https://bahai-library.com/bahai_encyclopedia_guadeloupe
  83. ↑ Staff-1, p. 190.
  84. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 361-362. ISBN 0877432392.
  85. ↑ Staff-1, p. 188-189.
  86. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 361-362. ISBN 0877432392.
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 87.3 Staff-1, p. 184.
  88. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 361-362. ISBN 0877432392.
  89. ↑ Staff-1, p. 188.
  90. ↑ Staff-1, p. 185.
  91. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 361-362. ISBN 0877432392.
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 Staff-1, p. 186.
  93. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 361-362. ISBN 0877432392.
  94. ↑ Staff-1, p. 189.
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 Staff-1, p. 199.
  96. ↑ Staff-1, p. 183.
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 Staff-1, p. 192.
  98. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 361-362. ISBN 0877432392.
  99. ↑ Staff-1 191.
  100. ↑ Staff-1, p. 196.
  101. ↑ Staff-1, p. 198.
  102. ↑ Staff-1, p. 194.
  103. ↑ Staff-1 148.
  104. ↑ Staff-1, p. 197.
  105. ↑ Staff-1, p. 195.
  106. ↑ Staff-1, p. 202.
  107. ↑ Staff-1, p. 200.
  108. ↑ Staff-1, p. 201.
  109. ↑ Staff-1, p. 193.
  110. ↑ Staff-1, p. 203.
  111. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  112. ↑ Staff-1, p. 205.
  113. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 Staff-1, p. 210.
  115. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  116. ↑ Staff-1, p. 213.
  117. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  118. ↑ 118.0 118.1 Staff-1, p. 209.
  119. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  120. ↑ Staff-1, p. 212.
  121. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  122. ↑ 122.0 122.1 Staff-1, p. 207.
  123. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  124. ↑ Staff-1, p. 208.
  125. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  126. ↑ Staff-1, p. 215.
  127. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  128. ↑ Staff-1, p. 211.
  129. ↑ Staff-1, p. 114.
  130. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 445. ISBN 0877432392.
  131. ↑ Staff-1, p. 206.
  132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 132.2 132.3 Staff-1, p. 217.
  133. ↑ Staff-1, p. 218.
  134. ↑ Staff-1, p. 216.
  135. ↑ Staff-1, p. 219.
  136. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 647. ISBN 0877432392.
  137. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 576. ISBN 0877432392.
  138. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 576. ISBN 0877432392.
  139. ↑ Staff-1, p. 220.
  140. ↑ Staff-1, p. 221.
  141. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. p. 576. ISBN 0877432392.
  142. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 624-625. ISBN 0877432392.
  143. ↑ Staff-1, p. 224.
  144. ↑ Staff-1, p. 225.
  145. ↑ Staff-1, p. 226.
  146. ↑ Staff-1, p. 163-164, 232.
  147. ↑ 147.0 147.1 Staff-1, p. 227.
  148. ↑ 148.0 148.1 Staff-1, p. 229.
  149. ↑ 149.0 149.1 Staff-1, p. 228.
  150. ↑ Staff-1, p. 230.
  151. ↑ Baha'i News (1987). National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States. No 676, Pg(s) 3. View as PDF.
  152. ↑ Staff-1, p. 231.
  153. ↑ Staff-1, p. 238-239.
  154. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 623-624. ISBN 0877432392.
  155. ↑ 155.0 155.1 Staff-1, p. 234.
  156. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 623-624. ISBN 0877432392.
  157. ↑ 157.0 157.1 157.2 157.3 Staff-1, p. 235.
  158. ↑ Staff-1, p. 239.
  159. ↑ 159.0 159.1 Staff-1, p. 237.
  160. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 623-624. ISBN 0877432392.
  161. ↑ Staff-1, p. 236.
  162. ↑ Staff-1, p. 240.
  163. ↑ Staff-1, p. 238.
  164. ↑ Staff-1, p. 241.
  165. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1987".
  166. ↑ Staff-1, p. 242.
  167. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1989".
  168. ↑ 168.0 168.1 Staff-1, p. 243.
  169. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1989".
  170. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1991".
  171. ↑ Staff-1, p. 248.
  172. ↑ Staff-1, p. 250-251.
  173. ↑ Staff-1, p. 251.
  174. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1991".
  175. ↑ Staff-1, p. 252.
  176. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1991".
  177. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1991".
  178. ↑ 178.0 178.1 Staff-1, p. 249.
  179. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1991".
  180. ↑ Staff-1, p. 250.
  181. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  182. ↑ Staff-1, p. 260.
  183. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  184. ↑ Staff-1, p. 263.
  185. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  186. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  187. ↑ Staff-1, p. 253, 262.
  188. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  189. ↑ Staff-1, p. 253.
  190. ↑ Staff-1, p. 265.
  191. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  192. ↑ Staff-1, p. 257.
  193. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  194. ↑ Staff-1, p. 261.
  195. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  196. ↑ Staff-1, p. 259.
  197. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  198. ↑ Staff-1, p. 258.
  199. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  200. ↑ Staff-1, p. 255.
  201. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  202. ↑ Staff-1, p. 264.
  203. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1992".
  204. ↑ Staff-1, p. 249, 254.
  205. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1994".
  206. ↑ Staff-1, p. 273.
  207. ↑ 207.0 207.1 Staff-1, p. 270.
  208. ↑ Staff-1, p. 269.
  209. ↑ Staff-1, p. 272.
  210. ↑ Staff-1, p. 267.
  211. ↑ Staff-1, p. 268.
  212. ↑ Staff-1, p. 271.
  213. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1995".
  214. ↑ Staff-1, p. 276.
  215. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1995".
  216. ↑ 216.0 216.1 Staff-1, p. 278-279.
  217. ↑ Geoffry W. Marks, comp. (1996). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986: The Third Epoch of the Formative Age. United States: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, United States. 1996. pp. 623-624. ISBN 0877432392.
  218. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1995".
  219. ↑ Staff-1, p. 282.
  220. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1995".
  221. ↑ Staff-1, p. 275.
  222. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1995".
  223. ↑ Staff-1, p. 281.
  224. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1995".
  225. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1995".
  226. ↑ Staff-1, p. 278.
  227. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1996".
  228. ↑ Staff-1, p. 285.
  229. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1996".
  230. ↑ 230.0 230.1 230.2 230.3 Staff-1, p. 284.
  231. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1996".
  232. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1996".
  233. ↑ Staff-1, p. 283.
  234. ↑ 234.0 234.1 Staff-1, p. 286.
  235. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1997".
  236. ↑ 236.0 236.1 236.2 236.3 Staff-1, p. 288.
  237. ↑ 237.0 237.1 Staff-1, p. 288-289.
  238. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1998".
  239. ↑ Staff-1, p. 287.
  240. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1998".
  241. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1998".
  242. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 1998".
  243. ↑ Staff-1, p. 290-292.
  244. ↑ Staff-1, p. 292.
  245. ↑ Staff-1, p. 293.
  246. ↑ Staff-1, p. 294.
  247. ↑ Staff-1, p. 290.
  248. ↑ Staff-1, p. 291.
  249. ↑ Staff-1, p. 295-296.
  250. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 2000".
  251. ↑ Universal House of Justice. "Ridván 2001".
  252. ↑ Staff-1, p. 297.
  253. ↑ Staff-1, p. 298.
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