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First National Bahá’í Conference for America

From Bahaipedia
A report on publicity received during First National Bahá’í Conference appearing in The American Bahá’í

The First National Bahá'í Conference for America was held in St. Louis, Missouri, in August 1974 and to date had been the largest conference of Bahá'ís drawing perhaps 12,000 people, and was the largest until the 1992 Second World Congress. The St. Louis Bahá'í community was among the major communities of the religion in the US and national action opened some offices in the city to aid the conference and national planning began soon after the 3rd National Bahá'í Youth Conference of the United States in Oklahoma in 1973. Newspaper coverage from many cities named individuals who attended.

The conference was part of the initiation of the Five Year Plan and had followed the wave of enrollments in the late 1960s and early 1970s following which there had been a decline in activity. There were signs of an improvement in the community following the conference and further conferences were developed by the Universal House of Justice around the world the next few years.

Background[edit]

Distinguished officer of the United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War, and the first western convert to the Baháʼí Faith in 1894, Thornton Chase came to St. Louis the winter of 1899-1900.[1] An early coverage of the religion in the newspaper confused the station of 'Abdu’l-Bahá later that summer.[2] Martha Root, before she joined the religion, was in St. Louis in 1904[3] during the 1904 Summer Olympics. Other coverage of the period included the newspaper mention that the New York Bahá'í Assembly incorporated in late 1907.[4] In 1908 came the new of early women Bahá'ís about the effort to start building the Bahá'í Temple including Ragna Linne, Eva Webster Russell, and Thornton Chase among some 15 people.[5]

The first named Bahá'í from St. Louis available in the published literature of the was of religion is of Andrew Campbell in 1909 when he was listed as attending the first national convention of the Bahá'ís.[6] By 1910 there were comments on the growth of the religion and praise by Bernard Temple covered in the newspaper[7] after his earlier paper in the Journal of the Royal Society of Arts.[8] In 1912 came the news of 'Abdul-Bahá coming to Chicago in a month[9] amidst his journeys to the West. A. P. & Mrs. Chapman were visitors at that meeting in Chicago at which 'Abdu’l-Bahá spoke and laid the foundation stone for the House of Worship.[10]

Then member of the national governing council of Bahá'ís, the Bahá’í Temple Unity, William H. Randall came to speak at Temple Shaare Emeth on "The underlying principles of World Peace from the Bahai (sic) standpoint", arranged by Mrs. C. H. Greenleaf of Chicago and Mrs. M. A. Lafferty of St. Louis. He emphasized it as a movement rather than an exclusive religion, reviewed its history and tenants, mentions David Starr Jordan, founding president of Stanford University, as being interested in the religion, and noting the beginning of the construction of the Bahá'í Temple.[11]

In 1916 'Abdu’l-Bahá wrote to an early Bahá'í of the city:

Thou has written that i these days the establishment of the meeting has become impossible in that city. Be thou now unhappy. A day shall come when innumerable meetings in the utmost grandeur shall be established in that city. The cause of God shall be raise and the breath of the Holy Spirit shall impart eternal life. Be though not sad. This indifference is temporary. Ere long the fires of the love of God shall raise a flame in that city and the splendors of the sun of truth shall cast intense rays and the melody of the Kingdom shall be heard.[12]

Zia Bagdadi gave a talk at a library as part of a series in the summer of 1917.[13] That winter the Bahá'ís held a winter organizational meeting at the library.[14] And the assembly recognized at national convention of 1918.[15] In 1919 Albert Vail gave a series of talks on the religion at the Library[16] one of which was summarized in the newspaper.[17] In 1920 the delegate to the national convention was Mrs. Caroline M. Barbee,[18] and she returned with a picture of a model of the Bahá'í Temple which was published in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat.[19] That year Margaret Lafferty joined the national assembly's regional committee for the Central States.[20]

The first coverage in the newspaper locally of the construction of Temple came in February 1922.[21] In 1924 came the coverage of the murder of US diplomat to Persia when he was mistaken for a Bahá'í.[22] And in 1927 there was one Bahá'í at the University of Missouri at Columbia.[23] Across some of 1931 and then again in 1934 Aurelia Bethlen gave an extended talk series at a library in town.[24] Between those there was coverage of a fire at the Bahá'í Temple in 1931,[25] and then by July the progress on building it was such that it was open to visitors.[26]

While progress on Temple continued to be mentioned in 1935,[27] there was soon mention that the Bahá'ís had been ordered disbanded in Nazi Germany in 1937 because its goal was "the establishment of the universal religion which will be the foundation of the inter-religious, inter-racial and international brotherhood and peace” which was against “the German people and state”.[28] Progress of the Bahá'í Temple construction was again noted in 1938,[29] and Bethlen was back for talks in 1939.[30] In 1940 the exterior ornamentation on Bahá'í Temple was finished,[31] before the Centenary of the Declaration of the Báb following which a slideshow and talk of the Temple given in St. Louis.[32] Ruth Moffett came to town to offer a talk series in 1945.[33] In July and August 1946 a series of talks was locally established starting with Louis Landry and Velma Sherrill,[34] followed by another further series across November.[35] Another slideshow on the Temple followed by intermittent talks at Center and sometimes other places in 1947 and across into 1950,[36] and pioneers were noted coming from St. Louis.[37]

The Birth of Bahá’u’lláh was observed at the Center in November, 1950,[38] and the assembly was incorporated June 14, 1954.[39] Velma Sherrill and family also joined in forming first assembly of nearby Webster Groves that year.[40]

A regional conference was called by national assembly in 1957 and included Edna True, Velma Sherrill, Robert Barr, Paul Moon, L. J. Case, and L. R. McCord.[41] The national teaching committee address in 1958 was in St. Louis.[42]

The Bahá'ís of St. Louis held Race Amity Day panel in 1960[43] and in 1964 sponsored an art exhibit.[44] That year's World Peace Day was held by the Bahá'ís with a mayoral proclamation.[45]

In 1966 the St. Louis area hosted a youth conference,[46] and in 1967 advertisments were carried for the showing CBS television show episode "And His Name shall be One" documentary on the religion.[47] The Bahá'ís of St. Louis hosted another art festival in 1968[48] along with a Race Unity Day picnic,[49] while there was news that the Bahá'ís were banned in Iraq in 1970.[50]

In 1971 came a profile of Bahá'ís of St. Louis and noted local attendees of the Caribbean conference.[51]

Advance planning[edit]

The progress of the religion across the nation in the previous decade had been significant but there were signs of falling away in general in 1973 - contributions to the national fund had fallen off dramatically and 100 assemblies became jeopardized with too few members to hold status.[52] Other changes included that traditional regional teaching committees were ended in favor of the more localized district teaching committees and local assemblies taking up the work. 1973 was also the year establishing the International Teaching Center as the coordinating intermediary of the continental counselors, and the national assembly established a education committee to develop a comprehensive deepening program, which itself was promulgated extensively as the 5 Year Plan went forward.[52] There was also development of four committees aimed at minorities of the country,[52] while the community struggled with disaffection on the part of some, and pioneering of well serving Bahá'ís causing a 'brain drain' over the period, but the community did advance in institutional readiness, became much more racially diverse, and can be seen as the stage just ahead of the emergence from obscurity in the wider society in the 1980s.[52] With the 3rd National Bahá'í Youth Conference of the United States just accomplished by the community in the summer of 1973, planning began on the next conference.

Thinking for the conference had begun in September 1973 by the national assembly, by October the national assembly had met with Counselors, and in November the Universal House of Justice suggested having the conference.[53] The national assembly's decision to begin planning for the St. Louis conference "anticipated by several months the request of the Universal House of Justice" to hold such conferences to aid launching the new Five Year Plan." It was, quoting the national assembly's annual report of the previous year "…the complete call to arms - the mobilization of all detachments of the Army of Light toward the conquest of their assigned objectives."[54] The conference was also called the third of the three phases of the "gradual launching of the Five Year Plan".[55] By this time the St. Louis Bahá'í community was measurably one of the larger Bahá'í communities of the country.[56] Among the first visible acts after it was announced was the notice of an opening of a Counselor office at St Louis in January, 1974.[57] By February planning was advancing.[58] The conference would run from Thursday, August 29, to Sunday, September 1.[54]

Local Bahá'ís were known for their own activities in March,[59] and in April it was already of public note that there was going to be a future St. Louis Conference.[60]

There was encouragement that the national conference would be followed up by local post-conference meetings too.[61] The National Youth Committee was requested to draw up a two-year plan for youth that was going to be announced at the conference.[62] The National Archives Committee had gathered materials for an exhibition at the conference.[63] Author Bruce Whitmore was on the planning team.[64] After obtaining advise from the Universal House of Justice, the national assembly had previous chosen not to sponsor the ANISA project directly as an official Bahá'í project but did pick it as the organizing force for the children's program at the conference: "We knew of no other fully developed educational program congruent with Bahá'í Teachings and no other better qualified persons to plan and execute the St. Louis Children's Program than the Anisa staff at the University of Massachusetts.[65] The National Spiritual Assembly therefore requested the Anisa staff to undertake this responsabilty just as it requests professional and business organizations of other kinds to render a variety of other services to the community…." A June training program was held at Green Acre and the training was provided by Anisa staff while being distinguished as not being officially endorsed as a Bahá'í system of children's education.[65]

So it was that anticipation of the summer became a common refrain and the title of the event was the First National Bahá'í Conference.[66]

Summer 1974[edit]

Pre-conference[edit]

Mention of people going to attend began in June when Bahá'í and Catholic weddings of Laura Elmore & David Wolfe coverage mentioned them going to St. Louis.[67]

That summer came world wide advice on immunizations from the World Health Organization,[68] and it was announced that Bahá'ís were expected to immunize their children before attending.[69] Well over 5000 attended.[52] The New York Times estimated 12,000.[70]

The first week of August a Bahá'í information center was opened in St. Louis with Mildred Birkett and Mary Remel along with mention of the coming conference though it cited the St. Louis Bahá'í community began only in 1939.[71] Birkett was visible in the Bahá'í Webster Grove community as early as 1958.[72]

Early August started the mentions of Bahá'ís going to the St. Louis conference from across the US. August 9 there was mention that some 100 Long Island Bahá'ís planned on going.[73] Dave & Candy Simmons, Mary Moore, other areas near Santa Marta, California started mention August 17.[74] August 19 came the news of Bahá'ís performing in Danville, Kentucky, on way to the conference.[75] It was mentioned in the St. Louis local newspaper August 21.[76] August 23 came with mention of Brenda Bauer, Lynn Bartl, and Rich McCluer coming from Winona, Minnesota,[77] as well as others from Santa Rosa, California.[78] On the 24th came an article of Bahá'ís from Charlotte, North Carolina, coming,[79] William Twitty, Michael Tak from Palm Beach, Florida,[80] Bahá'ís from Missoula, Montana,[81] Mansfield, Ohio,[82] Charles Johnson and others from Chester, Pennsylvania,[83] Green Bay, Wisconsin,[84] Miami, Florida,[85] Mrs Charles Slavik, Gertrude Hoggett from Edwardsville, Illinois,[86] were all noted coming.

On the 25th came mention again in St. Louis,[87] followed by Bahá'ís on the 27th from Valparaiso, Indiana,[88] and Bemidji, Minnesota.[89] On the 28th came mention of Hilda Arthur, Russell & Mrs Boyce from Meriden, Connecticut,[90] Ann Valk, Doug Palk, Haybee Palk, Mildred Ferguson, Ruth Holder from Tampa, Florida,[91] Bahá'ís from Sheyboygan[92] and Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin,[93] and Freeport, Illinois.[94]

Day 1[edit]

As events drew close Greg Dahl took pictures and drew up a program for his presentation covering developments at in the opening of the conference.[95] It was announced Glenford E. Mitchell, then a member of the national assembly, was going,[96] and Jack & Mrs. Svendsen, and Dicy Pine of Cocoa, Florida too.[97] There was a picture of the filled main Keil auditorium interior published in the 1978 Bahá'í World.[98] There was also a Bahá'í advertisement for Gloria Faizi's new introductory book on the religion.[99]

Cablegrams came to the conference from the Universal House of Justice, the South American Continental Board of Counsellors, the National Spiritual Assembly of Hawaii and the Local Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Dennebito, Arizona, a location on the Navajo Reservation.[100]

Baha’i News coverage begins with the cover of the September 1974 edition showing the arrival of Hand of the Cause Rúḥíyyih Khánum,[101] who was the representative of the Universal House of Justice, for which she spoke on two occasions, and met with mayor John Poelker to accept the mayoral proclamation of Bahá'í Week covering the conference naming the oneness of humanity as the challenge of the day.[54] He also spoke at the convention as a welcome to the city.[54] A talk by Rúḥíyyih Khánum mentioned the quality of community life should be a draw to people on the opening night of the conference.[102] Other Hands of the Cause that attended the conference include Abu'l-Qásim Faizi, Collis Featherstone, Dhikru'lláh Khádem, John Robarts and William Sears along with now Continental Counselor Velma Sherrill and her colleagues Lloyd Gardner, Sarah Pereira, and Edna True.[54] Advanced programs of promulgation and consolidation activities were announced for California, Illinois, and New York as regions and five cities in particular - San Francisco, Losa Angeles, Chicago, New York, and Washington DC, along with international pioneer goals and lands for national centers.[54] Indeed California had its own sub-Plan and there was a two-year plan for youth.[54] The California plan was published October 1974.[103] The national assembly also met with hundreds of members of local assemblies "to estalbish a closer relationship between the national assembly and the local administrative bodies, and to evoke a feeling of the direction the local assemblies should take during the next five years in oder to prosecute successfully the solemn mandate given them by the Universal House of Justice."[54] Their goals were to raise the local communities to at least 15 people, meet regularly, study the Writings, learn how to better administer, observe Feasts, Holy Days and Bahá'í anniversaries on a regular basis, establish a local fund and contribute regularly to the national fund.[54] Continental Counselors emphasized promoting the growth and consolidation of the local assemblies to the general membership and noted half the Plan's message was devoted to the development of the local assembly and that counselors and their auxiliaries would be meeting with communities and assemblies to be of assistance.[54] A "school" would be held with classes were offered at the conference on "Basic Bahá'í Facts", "The Central Figures", "Bahá'í administration", and children's classes with 75 teachers for about 1700 children were also held (in which they memorized prayers, gave their own firesides, and reflect on lives of courtesy, honestly and justice.)[54] Magdalene Carney spoke as a sitting member of the National Assembly and one of the coordinators of the school.[54] Radio programs and interviews were encouraged by the Bahá'ís, paid advertising on radio, television and newspapers occurred with an estimated time of 11 million views in the region, reaching about 80% of the 2.5 million people in the area some six times.[54] There was also an exhibition of paintings of Bahá'í artist Mark Tobey held in the Washington University in St. Louis coverage of which mentioned his religion.[104][54]

Day 2[edit]

Friday morning August 30 Glenford E. Mitchell addressed the attendees about the goals for the three states and five cities as well as the international goals and how some assemblies have implemented their own plans for them and advances in goal areas.[105] Mitchell detailed goals of 100 homefront pioneers, 500 domestic teaching trips, 25 international pioneers, (a subset of the 305 across the five years of the plan,)[52] reaching 350 Bahá'í college clubs, communities supporting 100 youth clubs, each assembly to assist a neighboring area, grow communities to reach 15 adults, and regular study of the scripture of the religion, devotionals, and Feasts.[105][52] The California plan goals in particular were to reach 50 incorporated assemblies, 999 localities, 95 assemblies, and establishing Bahá'ís in the last 6 counties of the state that haven't had one.[105] One evening Rúḥíyyih Khánum expanded on her topic of community life with a perspective of the value of the loving community.[102]

There was a Bahá'í advert in St Louis for the conference, with a concert, and speakers,[106] as well as in Salina, Kansas,[107] Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin,[108] Red Bank, New Jersey,[109] De Kalb, Illinois,[110] and Kenosha, Wisconsin.[111] News that Dwight Allen was coming too.[112] Meanwhile coverage continued in Nampa, Idaho,[113] Yuma, Arizona,[114] Selma, Alabama,[115] Carlsbad, New Mexico,[116] Hilo, Hawaii,[117] Pampa, Texas,[118] Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin,[119] Kittanning, Pennsylvania.[120] Munster, Indiana,[121] and Carbondale, Illinois.[122]

Abu'l-Qásim Faizi underscored how the conference would be large in the memories of children attending, that they were created rich, calling them treasure houses, and it was the communities and parents jobs to polish and set these riches.[123]

That evening a musical program was open to the public with Seals and Crofts, William Sears, and Russell Garcia preformed an original composition "New World Symphony"Russell Garcia performed [124]

Day 3[edit]

Saturday morning a caravan of busses took attendees to the St. Louis Gateway Arch for dawn prayers.[125]

Newspaper coverage of Bahá'ís at the conference continued: Alexandria, Louisiana,[126] followed by Mrs. John Worthington, Robert James and Mrs. D'jam Khoshbin pictured coming Nashville, Tennessee,[127] West Palm Beach, Florida,[128] Atlanta, Georgia,[129] Battle Creek, Michigan,[130] Davenport, Iowa,[131] Jackson, Mississippi,[132] Hagerstown, Maryland,[133] Austin, Texas,[134] Springfield, Missouri,[135] Tucson, Arizona,[136] Cedar Rapids, Iowa,[137] Tallahassee, Florida,[138] Columbus, Indiana,[139] Fond Du Lac, Wisconsin,[140] Springfield, Missouri,[141] far off Bangor, Maine,[142] Leroy Carter, William & Mrs Clark & Lua, David & Mrs Draves & Kate came from Decatur, Illinois,[143] others from Brattleboro, Vermont,[144] Missoula, Montana,[145] Fort Lauderdale, Florida,[146] British Columbia, Canada,[147] Portsmouth, New Hampshire,[148] San Mateo, California,[149] Port Huron, Michigan,[150] Nashua, New Hampshire,[151] Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,[152] Bennington, Vermont,[153] Baton Rouge, Louisiana,[154] and Santa Maria, California.[155] A new assembly in Petaluma, California, included it among their program of activities.[156] Coverage of attendees and the conference continued to come out like in the Chicago Defender,[157] Bennington, Vermont,[158] El Paso, Texas,[159] and Magdalene Carney, then a member of the National Spiritual Assembly, was coming too.[160] Adrienne Reeves and friends met and were photographed there.[161] Three busses had carried more than 100 Bahá'ís from South Carolina, location of the largest recent influx of conversions to the religion, and including the South Carolina Chorus with Trudy White who sang at the conference - some 70-80 Bahá'ís directed by Patricia Reed.[162]

Day 4[edit]

Recordings of Yeast, an operetta performed at the conference, though it remains uncertain which day, were done in 1974 at other events but alas not from the St. Louis performance itself.[163] It included a followup to the Halifaxes mentioned in the 1973 Oklahoma youth conference. Other events of uncertain date of the conference include the national treasurer's office presenting a slide presentation on the Fund shown to all,[164] A member of the House spoke at the conference, though unclear which day, about the individual's responsibility to promote the religion and that if we had all done so our numbers would have been far higher.[165]

Coverage also dwindled on the last day of the conference. There was an advertisement in the St. Louis newspaper,[166] and brief mention of the conference in Provo, Utah.[167]

Post-conference[edit]

Leaving September 2, the busses from South Carolina rode back and had an adventure.[162] Meanwhile coverage continued to mention Bahá'ís or places Bahá'ís came from to go to the conference. Rand & Mrs. Gerald, Mrs James Noggle & Laura Beth came from Seymour, Indiana,[168] and Leland Ramborger, Thelma Ramborger, Marcella Ramborger, Keith Boehme, James Koontz, Rhonda Koontz, Allison Koontz, and Robert Clifton, came from Richmond, Indiana.[169] Mrs. N. V. Benner, Mary Cendowsku, Mrs Charlie Lenk, Doris Cole, came from Port Huron, Michigan,[170] and Bahá'ís in Rock Island, Illinois, held their own public meeting recalling the conference September 4th.[171] News caught up in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, about DeWane and Mrs. Mergets and daughters, and Harold Schiller.[172] Ted and Mrs. Galloway attended from Houston, Missouri.[173] Linda, Michael, & Benjamin Leuzinger, Roberta Anderson, Diane Hickman, Norman Miller, Mochelle Bundy, Laura Dobbins, and Levi Spigner attended from Sebastopol, California,[174] Ruth Thorpe, May Rubeck, Richard & Mrs. Snyder, J. Leonard Cole, Elizabeth Spear, and Lee Errington, attended from Hamburg, New York,[175] and Alva Christensen, Dorothy Heller, Wendy Heller, Gloria Troy, Ethel Stone came from Arcadia, California.[176] Nina Tarafdar and George Karamallis were also newly-weds and had attended from Montclair, New Jersey.[177] Joe & Mrs Higgins, Duane Dawson went from Xenia, Ohio,[178] and John Woodall, Hamid Bastani, Balsam Kollestan, Alfred Waldman, Lora Mason, and Bill Muson came from St. Joseph, Missouri, with their own public meeting afterwards.[179] Gail & Cinda Goeken, Tom & Alice Davis, Easter Hinks, and Bob Pickering came from Paducah, Kentucky,[180] [181] and seven came from Greenfield, Indiana.[182] William and Mrs. Diehl, Barbara Hacker, Annette Gilmore, and Kathy Daniel came from Orangeburg, South Carolina,[183] along with others from Sepulpa, Oklahoma.[184] Followup events like the World Peace Day were held still mentioning the conference like in Davenport, Iowa,[185] were mentioned as well as continuing coverage the Bahá´í House of Workship and attendees in Billings, Montana,[186] Muncie, Indiana.[187] Coverage continued with Catherine Shore and Patricia & Robin Taylor from Rapid City, South Dakota,[188] and J. S. & Mrs. Aidun, from Brandon, Manitoba, Canada.[189] Bahá'í came from Mason City, Iowa,[190] Moline, Illinois,[191]Kokomo, Indiana,[192] Wilmington, Delaware,[193]Longview, Washington,[194]Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada,[195] Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,[196] and coverage returned again to El Paso, Texas.[197] Gery & Mrs Robinson and Tim & Mrs Rogers hosted a followup meeting in Sapulpa, Oklahoma,[198] while George & Florence Kibby came from St. Petersburg, Florida.[199] Bahá'ís came from Grand Junction, Colorado,[200] Potsdam, New York,[201] Menomonie, Wisconsin[202] and coverage again from Montclair, New Jersey.[203]

D. E. Engles attended and visited parents was back to Mountain Home, Arkansas,[204] while others came from Patchogue, New York.[205] Jeff & Mrs Binning, Virginia Gerhardt, Virginia Fries, Terry Rill, Margaret Hymer & Susan, Charles Tubman, Dorothy Lawlor & Susan, came from Oshkosh, Wisconsin,[206] Portland, TX[207] while others from Castle Rock, Colorado came.[208] Dan and Becky Caldwell were pictured there from Canyon, Texas,[209] and four came from Coronado, California.[210] Fuad, Mahin, & Farzad Ziyai, Flora Geola, Bob & Mrs Akhatarkhavari, and Monroe Ioas had come from Berwyn, Illinois,[211] and Nancy Walker, Gap & Jose Otero came from Lancaster, Pennsylvania.[212] Another observance of World Peace Day also mentioned Bahá'í from Battle Creek, Michigan,[213] and the Bates, John Mitchell, and the Wards and come from Alexandria, Louisiana.[214] Steve and Mrs Steve Musenrella, Bonnie Glenn and Everett Corman came from New Castle, Pennsylvania,[215] and Connee Davis & Marya, Douglas Edwards, Lulu Giddings, Richard & Mrs Sayer, Harry & Mrs Thompson & Terry, Vicki Thompson, Dorothy Cockroft & Gregory, Deanna Folster, Roseann Groger, Leo & Mrs Noah & Sherri & Michelle, Richard & Mrs Rowland, Carol Reis, and Michelle Hanna came from San Rafael, California.[216] Solomon Hilton, Kevin Crowley, Deborah Dickinson, Nosrat Solhjoo, Margert Fife, Richard & Mrs Lally came from Yonkers, New York,[217] and Jan Turner, Thelma Gorham, and Jeffrey Keller came from Tallahassee, Florida.[218] Joseph & Mrs Lipari & Bahia, Hugh & Mrs Wright, George DeMos, Kittie Shetterly came from St. Petersburg, Florida,[219] and another Bahá'í wedding of Vera Ellen Balshaw and David Leslie Walline also noetd them going to the conference from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvani.[220] Arthur & Mrs Gregory came from Redlands, California,[221] and coverage in DC noted Bahá'ís back from the conference.[222] More came from Omaha, Nebraska,[223] and Las Vegas, Nevada.[224]

The first larger profile nationally syndicated on the Bahá'ís was then done by John Dart writing for the Los Angeles Times from mid-September carrying on at least into mid-October in other newspapers.[225]

Meanwhile by mid-September individual/regional coverage began with Jack Baxter from Danville, Kentucky,[226] and Phillip Cantor from Allentown, Pennsylvania.[227] Doris Russell, John & jimmy Russell, Marian & Ricardo Lawyer, Sue Lenz, and John & Jody Dudley came from San Bernardino, California,[228] and about 30 Bahá'ís came from Santa Rosa, California,[229] with Jackie Gwathney & Roby, and John Ross came from Yerington, Nevada.[230] Eileen Norman gave a talk series at a followup meeting in St. Louis,[231] while Karen Sheffels and Jan Graham had come from Great Falls, Montana,[232] and Kevin & Verna Rowley, Barin Van Krugel, and others came from Petaluma, California.[233] Coming to the end of September some 20 came from around Ithaca, New York,[234] and beginning in October there was mention of Cathy Curtis giving a talk including a followup to the conference in Sebastopol, California,[235] and then Gary Colgrove did much the same in Coos Bay, Oregon[236] and another was held in Mansfield, Ohio,[237] with other mentions in Atlanta,[238] and Dorothy Hansen & Joe Davis talks in Petaluma, California.[239]

Bahá'ís Seals & Crofts were on a Chicago WTTW show approaching mid-October.[240]

Dhikru'lláh Khádem wrote an article for the Baha'i News comparing the conference with the Conference at Badasht. On the one hand the comparative freedom of the Baha'is now compared to the imprisonment of the Bab during the Badasht event, while the same spirit of renewal and distinction as the spiritual descendents of the dawn breakers…. [241]

After affects[edit]

It was named as the largest gathering of Bahá'ís in the history of the religion,[54] "…which by its sheer size alone was a record event. It was… the largest gathering of local assembly members in a meeting designed especially for them; it accommodated the largest number of Bahá'í children ever to gather in a program particularly planned for them."[55] This was true until the more than 17,000 Bahá'ís just from the US went to the Second World Congress in 1992.[52] In March 1975 there was a "lost and found" contact information after conference.[242] The national assembly also clarified its relationship with ANISA, a 501c3 non-profit and developed with the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, and its service at the conference.[65]

Indications by early 1975 were that overall the community grew in localities Bahá'ís lived in and functioning assemblies.[55] Centers were acquired for New York and San Francisco in 1976 and were called fulfillments of goals for the cities.[243] The California plan detailed:[103] opening 274 new localities of the presence of Baha'is, particularly the last 6 counties without a Bahá'í presence in the state, the raising of 95 assemblies including one assembly on three Indian Reservations, 50 additional incorporations of assemblies, focusing the work of promoting the religion among minorities, expand public/press exposure to the Faith, encourage expanded and regular Bahá'í activites for adults, youth, and children. One of the Indian Reservations includes mention of Gerald "Jerry" Boisclair who had joined the religion in the area in 1971 and was elected as tribal chief around 1983-1990 when his family pioneered to eastern Europe where he was elected to the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia until it was split in 1993 and they returned to the US where Boisclair died and was buried on the reservation in 1997.[244]

It was also announced that there would be mid-plan conferences around the world: two for the Arctic, one in Anchorage and one in Helsinki during July 1976, one in Paris in August 1976, one in Nairobi in October 1976, one in Hong Kong in November 1976, one in Auckland, New Zealand, and Bahia, Brazil, in January 1977 and one in Mérida, Mexico, in February 1977.[245]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Among the week's visitors…". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. St. Louis, Missouri. 7 Jan 1900. p. 28. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  2. ↑ "2000 Americans believe Christ has returned". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. 19 Aug 1900. p. 26. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  3. ↑ M. R. Garis (1983). Martha Root - Lioness at the Threshold. Wilmette, Illinois: Bahá’í Publishing Trust. p. 35. ISBN 9780877431855. OCLC 9465199.(registration required)
  4. ↑ "A new religion organized". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. St. Louis, Missouri. 1 Dec 1907. p. 53. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Women to build great temple with own hands". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. 1 Nov 1908. p. 53. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  6. ↑ "The Mashrak El Azcar". The Bahai Bulletin. Vol. 1, no. 6. May 1909. p. 4. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  7. ↑ "New religion is gaining ground". The St. Louis Star and Times. St. Louis, Missouri. 19 Jun 1910. p. 34. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  8. ↑ Bernard Temple (May 27, 1910). "Persia and the Regeneration of Islam". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 58 (3001): 652-665. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Abdul Baha in Chicago". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. St. Louis, Missouri. 21 Apr 1912. p. 35. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  10. ↑ "[Visitors…]". Star of the West. Vol. 3, no. 5. Jun 5, 1912. p. 4. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  11. ↑ * "Comes here to speak on Bahai (sic) movement". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. 6 Dec 1916. p. 6. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  12. ↑ "The Teaching Campaign". Star of the West. Vol. 7, no. 16. Dec 31, 1916. p. 158. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  13. ↑ "The Bahai (sic) Assembly…". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. 10 Jun 1917. p. 8. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  14. ↑ "Bahai (sic) assembly to meet for winter organization". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. St. Louis, Missouri. 8 Nov 1917. p. 16. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  15. ↑ "Report of the Tenth Annual Convention of the Bahai Temple Unity, held at the Auditorium Hotel, Chicago, Apr 27 to 30th, 1918; Monday Morning Session…". Star of the West. Vol. 9, no. 1. March 21, 1918. p. 46. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Lectures free to the public". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. 3 Apr 1919. p. 16. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
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  31. ↑ * "Nine-sided church". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. 28 Apr 1940. p. 92. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
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    • "Free public meeting". The St. Louis Star and Times. St. Louis, Missouri. 28 Feb 1948. p. 9. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
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  48. ↑ "An Art Festival…". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. 23 Feb 1968. p. 10. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
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  51. ↑ * James Adams (18 Jun 1971). "Baha'i Faith stresses oneness". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 10. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
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  57. ↑ "Continenal Bourd of Counsellors for the Protection and Propagation of the Bahá'í Faith in North America" (PDF). National Bahá'í Review. No. 72. Jan 1974. p. 1. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
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  59. ↑ Patricia Rice (8 Mar 1974). "Pro-ERA and Anti-Abortion". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 36. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
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  163. ↑ "Yeast, a musical drama by Mildred N. McClellan". Gregory C. Dahl. 2013. Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
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  181. ↑ "Paducahans in attendance at Baha'i Faith conference". The Paducah Sun. Paducah, Kentucky. 6 Sep 1974. p. 20. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  182. ↑ "Local members among 10,000 Baha'is at meet". The Daily Reporter. Greenfield, Indiana. 6 Sep 1974. p. 4. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  183. ↑ "Area Baha'is attend national conference". The Times and Democrat. Orangeburg, South Carolina. 6 Sep 1974. p. 13. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  184. ↑ * "Sapulpa Bahai's(sic) attend parley". Sapula Daily Herald. Sepulpa, OK. Sep 6, 1974. p. 2. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  185. ↑ "Thirteen quad-city…". Quad-City Times. Davenport, Iowa. 7 Sep 1974. p. 13. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  186. ↑ "Baha'i house of worship (sic)". The Billings Gazette. Billings, Montana. 7 Sep 1974. p. 20. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  187. ↑ * "The first National Bahai (sic) Conference…". Muncie Evening Press. Muncie, Indiana. 7 Sep 1974. p. 5. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  188. ↑ "Local Baha'i members to attend gathering". Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. 7 Sep 1974. p. 10. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  189. ↑ "Baha'is start worldwide program". The Brandon Sun. Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. 7 Sep 1974. p. 11. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  190. ↑ "Baha'i conference". Globe-Gazette. Mason City, Iowa. 7 Sep 1974. p. 4. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  191. ↑ "Baha'is to meet Sunday". The Dispatch. Moline, Illinois. 7 Sep 1974. p. 18. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  192. ↑ "8 Kokomo residents attend Baha'i assembly". The Kokomo Tribune. Kokomo, Indiana. 7 Sep 1974. p. 6. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  193. ↑ "Baha'is emphasize membership". The Morning News. Wilmington, Delaware. 7 Sep 1974. p. 6. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  194. ↑ "Baha'i conference". Longview Daily News. Longview, Washington. 7 Sep 1974. p. 18. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  195. ↑ "Baha'is formulate 5-year plan at international conference". Star-Phoenix. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 7 Sep 1974. p. 4. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  196. ↑ "World-wide Bahais (sic) meet in St. Louis this week". The Pittsburgh Courier. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 7 Sep 1974. p. 15. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  197. ↑ "Baha'is slate new classes for children". El Paso Herald-Post. El Paso, Texas. 7 Sep 1974. p. 3. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  198. ↑ "Travelers are visitors in Sapulpa homes". Sapulpa Daily Herald. Sapulpa, Oklahoma. 8 Sep 1974. p. 18. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  199. ↑ Allene Moore (9 Sep 1974). "2 at Ellenton back from Baha'i parley". Tampa Bay Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. p. 65. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  200. ↑ "Local Baha'is attend conference". The Daily Sentinel. Grand Junction, Colorado. 10 Sep 1974. p. 5. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  201. ↑ "Two attend first Bahai (sic) conference". Courier and freeman. Potsdam, New York. September 10, 1974. p. 5. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  202. ↑ "Baha'is meet". The Dunn County News. Menomonie, Wisconsin. 11 Sep 1974. p. 20. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  203. ↑ "Local Baha'is at conference". The Montclair Times. Montclair, New Jersey. 12 Sep 1974. p. 23. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  204. ↑ "Mr. D. E. Engle…". Baxter Bulletin. Mountain Home, Arkansas. 12 Sep 1974. p. 38. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  205. ↑ "Among 10,000 - 11 in area attend Baha'i conference". The Long Island advance. Patchogue, N.Y. September 12, 1974. p. 26. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  206. ↑ "Baha'i delegates attend conference". The Oshkosh Northwestern. Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 12 Sep 1974. p. 4. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  207. ↑ "Community members at Conference". Portland News. Portland, TX. Sep 12, 1974. p. 12. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  208. ↑ "Baha'is attend St. Louis conference". Douglas County News. Castle Rock, CO. September 12, 1974. p. 9. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  209. ↑ "Several members…". The Canyon News. Canyon, Texas. 12 Sep 1974. p. 8. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  210. ↑ "Baha'i meeting is attended by four". Coronado Eagle and Journal. Coronado, California. 12 September 1974. p. 14. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  211. ↑ "Bahai faith (sic) confers". Berwyn Life. Berwyn, Illinois. 13 Sep 1974. p. 4. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  212. ↑ "2 Countaians attend Baha'i convention". Lancaster New Era. Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 13 Sep 1974. p. 8. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  213. ↑ "Baha'i group observing World Peace Day Sunday". Battle Creek Enquirer. Battle Creek, Michigan. 13 Sep 1974. p. 3. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  214. ↑ "Baha'i meet attracts 5". The Town Talk. Alexandria, Louisiana. 14 Sep 1974. p. 6. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  215. ↑ "Several in area attend meeting of Baha'is". New Castle News. New Castle, Pennsylvania. 14 Sep 1974. p. 6. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  216. ↑ "23 attend national conference". Daily Independent Journal. San Rafael, California. 14 Sep 1974. p. 40. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  217. ↑ "Baha'is set for Peace Day". The Herald Statesman. Yonkers, New York. 14 Sep 1974. p. 2. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  218. ↑ "Baha'i". Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida. 14 Sep 1974. p. 8. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  219. ↑ "New Port Richey". Tampa Bay Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. 14 Sep 1974. p. 67. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  220. ↑ "Couple recites vows at Baha'i wedding". Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 14 Sep 1974. p. 8. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  221. ↑ "Gregorys attend Baha'i event in St. Louis". Redlands Daily Facts. Redlands, California. 14 Sep 1974. p. 4. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  222. ↑ "Bahais (sic) launch a worldwide thrust". Evening Star. Washington, DC. Sep 14, 1974. p. 32. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  223. ↑ "Evangelizing not part of Bahaism (sic)". Omaha World-Herald. Omaha, NE. Sep 14, 1974. p. 11. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  224. ↑ "Baha'is booming in US". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Las Vegas, NV. Sep 21, 1974. p. 4. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  225. ↑ * John Dart (15 Sep 1974). "Baha'i Faith points to rapid growth in US". The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. 122. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  226. ↑ "Baxter attends Baha'i meeting". The Advocate-Messenger. Danville, Kentucky. 16 Sep 1974. p. 10. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  227. ↑ "100 attend Baha'i rally for peace". The Morning Call. Allentown, Pennsylvania. 16 Sep 1974. p. 8. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  228. ↑ "Baha'i members attend conclave". The San Bernardino County Sun. San Bernardino, California. 17 Sep 1974. p. 35. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  229. ↑ "Baha'is plan for increase". The Press Democrat. Santa Rosa, California. 20 Sep 1974. p. 27. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  230. ↑ "Bahá'í'(sic) Faith". Mason Valley News. Yerington, Nevada. 20 Sep 1974. p. 8. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  231. ↑ "Special introductory lectures…". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, Missouri. 20 Sep 1974. p. 20. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  232. ↑ "Local pair attend Baha'i meet". Great Falls Tribune. Great Falls, Montana. 21 Sep 1974. p. 5. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  233. ↑ "Marin Baha'i conclave follows national meet". Petaluma Argus-Courier. Petaluma, California. 21 Sep 1974. p. 3. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  234. ↑ "Baha'is attended conference". The Ithaca Journal. Ithaca, New York. 28 Sep 1974. p. 7. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  235. ↑ "Meaning of Baha'i". Sonoma West Times and News. Sebastopol, California. 3 Oct 1974. p. 11. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  236. ↑ "Baha'is sponsor speaker". The World. Coos Bay, Oregon. 4 Oct 1974. p. 16. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  237. ↑ "Mansfield Baha'is host to district". News-Journal. Mansfield, Ohio. 5 Oct 1974. p. 6. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  238. ↑ Lillian B. Garnett (5 Oct 1974). "My reflection in the humanities". The Atlanta Voice. Atlanta, Georgia. p. 5. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  239. ↑ "Former Bolivian teacher conducts Baha'i program". Petaluma Argus-Courier. Petaluma, California. 12 Oct 1974. p. 3. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  240. ↑ Lynn Van Matre (13 Oct 1974). "Sound - the stage is set". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. pp. 174–5, 193. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  241. ↑ Dhikru'lláh Khádem (Sep 1974). "From Badasht to St. Louis - an evaluation of the first Bahá'í conference and the largest". Baha'i News. No. 522. p. 8-14. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  242. ↑ "St. Louis lost and found". National Bahá'í Review. No. 86. March 1975. p. 7. Retrieved Oct 21, 2020.
  243. ↑ "Centers acquired by New York, San Francisco". Baha'i News. No. 540. March 1976. p. 30. Retrieved Oct 29, 2020.
  244. ↑ Paul Vreeland, ed. (2010). "Gerald "Jerry" Boisclair (1939-1997)". In Memoriam 1992-1997. Haifa, Israel: Bahá’í World Centre. pp. 375–6. ISBN 978-0-87743-357-6.
  245. ↑ "Bahá'í Chronology: year 1974". Bahai-Library.com. 2020. Retrieved Oct 29, 2020.
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