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Eva Webster Russell

From Bahaipedia
Eva Webster Russell

Eva Webster Russell (1856-1914) was a figure in Chicago arts and society as a professional painter and teacher including making a drawing of family friend, Frederick Douglass. With many years in a career in painting circa 1884 through 1905 she also was an officer of the board of the Queen Isabella Association created for the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893 which attempted to present women in a professional light. And around 1905 she encountered the Bahá'ís and was an active member of the community, noted in Star of the West many times in 1910-1911. However after supporting the Tarbiyat Bahá'í School and taking in Ghodsea Ashraf circa 1911 as an art student, she became ill and died in March 1914 in Fernandina, Florida at the age of 57 years.

Early days[edit]

Upbringing[edit]

Not much is known of Eva Webster Russel's earliest days. She was born September 9,[1] or 22,[2] 1856, and seems to have lived most of her life in Chicago. She became licensed to be a teacher in April 1875, aged 18 years.[3] Her parents were Octavia Greene Webster and John Webster - they having moved from Rhode Island after some years of marriage.[2] And Eva was the youngest of 5 children. Her mother was from Rhode Island and her father from New Hampshire.[4] The 1860 Census lists her father as a doctor, and the family living there included sister Mary at 20 yrs old,[5] and 1870 Census lists her in their home with the family including one brother Arthur then 21 yrs old.[6]

Teacher, artist and actor[edit]

Webster finished high school with a partial accreditation as a teacher,[3] and won a Culver prize, in the form of a membership in the "Academy of Design", perhaps the later renamed School of the Art Institute of Chicago, for her painting and drawing.[7] She was noted with the Academy in an inventory for 1874 with a piece named "The Foxes" which was a photograph/drawing, about the age of 18,[8] and shown at a Chicago based inter-state exhibition.[9]

That Fall she was serving the Wells School of Chicago as co-assistant principal.[10] The school was probably named after the work of William Henry Wells, superintendent of Chicago area schools from before the Civil War.[11] The next year she served at the Division and Cleaver Street School[12] The site[13] near a century later would be where the Holy Trinity Diocesan High School is. The year after that she served at the Carroll Avenue School,[14] of which little is known but it is where she finished her full certification as a teacher in Spring 1877 at 21 years of age.[15] It was in May 1877 that Webster finished a portrait of Frederick Douglass,[16] though as of July 2016 the references to the picture mistakenly say 1887.[17][18] Douglass was in the Chicago area in late January and early February.[19] The picture was delivered between having been appointed a US Marshall by President Rutherford B. Hayes in March,[20] and being reconciled with his former owner in September.[21][22] The letter says:

Mr. Douglas,

Dear Uncle,

I have had your picture finished for about two weeks, one of which, it was in a window on State St. so that my friends might have a chance to see it before it was sent to you. It has been admired and has received considerable praise.

As I did not consider myself competent to prize it, I asked Mr. Peterson - an artist - how much he thought it was worth: He said that the work on it was rendered faithfully, and that it was worth, at least, $75.00. I wish that you would ask some of Washington artists to criticize it and prize it.

You picture will be boxed and sent by way of the American Express Company tomorrow - June 11, and may reach W almost as soon as this letter. That, that is over the picture is not a frame, but a matt and glass to protect it. The whole of it can be set into a frame without removing the glass and matt.

There is an exhibition of pictures every fall in New York. This year there is a committee of ladies in Chicago, who wish to encourage those women who do fine work, by giving them a chance to exhibit it in N. Y. next fall, where they can sell it if they wish, or receive orders to do some similar to it, by those who are pleased with it. One of these ladies saw your picture, and asked me if I could not get you to send it there for the Chicago exhibit. So if you are willing, and I do not have tie to draw another like it this summer, I shall have to ask you to do that favor.

My dear mother’s health has been good since she wrote to you until Saturday early in the morning. Friday evening we had a very heavy rain storm which continued during the night, making the roads very bad & filling the ground with water. In the night she had an attack of her old trouble, which makes her quite sick again for the present. It was a very fortunate that it was on Saturday, as it was not necessary for me to be at school. We have school only during the remainder of June, and not again until Sept. and so during the summer I must depend entirely upon drawing for my living. If any of your friends like the picture enough to wish me to draw any for them I shall be most happy to do so, at the same price if the picture be as large, or for less it it should be smaller. Please write on the safe arrival of the picture.

Very truly your friend Eva Webster, Address 562 N. Superior St,

Chicago, June 10, 1877[17]

The main reason for referring to Douglass as "Uncle", which she consistently does in her correspondence with Douglass,[23][24][25][26] appears to be she was kin of Douglass' long time friend Martha Green. The evidence being: her mother's maiden was Greene,[23] she appears to be a distant cousin (sharing great grandparents) of a Martha Greene,[2] one Webster mentions as a mutual friend[23] and a Martha Green who was a long time family friend of Douglass,[27] and Webster mentions seeing Douglass upon the death of her mother.[23]

Webster then served on the faculty of the Cleaver Street School in 1881 seemingly missing four years.[28] However she disappears off the scene as a teacher. In a later letter to Douglass, she refers to seeing him at her mother's funeral, May 5, 1883.[23]

It is another three years before Webster makes news as an artist - in March 1884 she is in an exhibition where a painting of hers "The Primary Class" was presented as part of a showing of the "Bohemian Club".[29] In it, a class of seven chubby children in front of a blackboard in various stances and it was considered "skillfully managed" and a "happy example". In the Fall of 1885 she appears in a play in Janesville, Wisconsin.[30] She was in another play in December, this time in Chicago.[31] In the Fall of 1886 she was one of eleven ladies at a painting exhibition.[32] Then she was back with the Bohemian Club for its 5th annual exhibition, in 1887,[33] while continuing her acting career.[34] One of the founders of the Bohemian club married and moved away and the club renamed itself the Palette club, of which Webster continued to be a member.[35]

In February 1888 she was noted hosting a luncheon for the observance of Lent.[36] This was followed a year later with a note her exhibition for the newly named Palette Club.[37] She was among a good list of folks who assisted in a reception for Harriet Hosmer in 1889,[38] and showed at one exhibition,[39] as well as another a week later.[40] An exhibition a month later was considered failed for lacking local artists like Webster showing.[41]

A year later in 1890 the Palette Club cosponsored an exhibition with Webster's work included.[42] Two paintings of hers were noted exhibited for the Palette Club in another week's time.[43]

She was noted as focused on small nature scenes "like a man" and instead should do something more expansive.[44]In summer 1891 she taught an advanced art class for some high schoolers who won some scholarships.[45]

The Columbia Exposition[edit]

At the end of the summer she appears under her married name - Mrs. Frances L. Russell.[1][46] In 1892 Webster is listed under her married name Webster Russell as well an officer of the Palette Club.[47]

In anticipation of the Chicago Exposition of 1893 an association of women's groups was formed in January 1891 - the Queen Isabella Association - with Webster one of six local women serving the association.[48] A month later she was treasurer of the association.[49] The explicit goals of the group were: to erect a statue in honor of Queen Isabella of Castile, acknowledging her as the ‘codiscoverer of the New World,’ and to build a pavilion for large‐scale meetings of women.[50] However the association saw itself in the context of the new millennium and century as the "New Woman". Chapters were opened in other cities and attracted professional women aiming to work their life outside the home. The association sponsored a meeting of black women lawyers in August 1893.[51] However, the association had fought to lead the presence of organized women showing at the Exposition, but lost to the more traditional Board of Lady Managers who were seen as wealthy socialites rather than business women.[52] The statue did take form, made by Harriet Hosmer.[53]

In 1893-4 she also carried on some correspondence with Frederick Douglass again:

  • Feb 3,[23] wherein she refers to him attending her mother's funeral, and catching him up on developments like being newly married.
  • Jun 4,[24] wherein she invites Douglass and his wife to dinner and was sorry to have missed his appearance at the Chicago Exposition.
  • Nov 26,[25] wherein she refers to invitations to dinner.
  • Mar 25, 1894,[26] wherein she recalls a long ago meeting “a cold December day” and included two small hand drawings of hers:[26]
Webster, Boat on water, March 1894
Webster Cat, March 1894

After the Exposition, in December 1893, she was noted among those artists supporting a relief fund for the poor.[54] This advanced in January to donating paintings.[55] An exhibition has her showing her impressive St. Bernard dog in a painting.[56] That Fall she's in another exhibition.[57] Exhibitions for the Palette Club continue in 1895.[58]

In 1896 Webster exhibited at a show[59][9] and worked helping the West Division High School art classes.[60] She exhibited in a city-wide event in February 1897.[61]

Miniatures[edit]

Webster had a major spread in the newspaper in 1901 about miniature statuettes that she painted, or sometimes regular paintings - dogs, cats, etc.[62] She continued to receive coverage for this work in 1902,[63] (and the work was mentioned in Vogue Magazine,)[64] 1903,[65] 1904,[66] and 1905 - in fact she appeared in New York at a national exhibition of miniature painters.[67]

In 1905 Webster was also noted a member of the William McKinley High School faculty.[68]

The 1900[69] and 1910[4] census shows her divorced.

Contact with Bahá'ís[edit]

Chicago was an early center of the religion in the United States. It is not known when Webster encountered the Bahá'í Faith. Webster is listed at the same address as Susan Moody in 1900 in the 1900 US Census.[69] Webster photographed a group of early Bahá'ís about 1905.[70] At the time she rented, (listed as a drawing teacher,)[4] a home with Bahá'í Dr. Susan Moody and had a lodger in the person of Baha'i Ameen Fareed, (soon to be a student over in Urbana - see Albert Ross Vail.)[71] In the picture Susan Moody, Cecilia Harrison, Beatrice Davies, Aminu’llah Fareed, and Isabella D. Brittingham 11:41, 2 April 2024 (PDT)]], all Bahá'ís, (and Moody and Britingham to become well known), are present and in its complementary photo, Fareed and Webster switched roles so Webster appeared in the next picture. Russell and Moody received tablets from ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in March and April 1906[72] and in December Russell, Beatrice Davies and Moody were among 15 named in a tablet of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá.[73] Russell also took a picture of women Bahá'ís in 1909 - Shahnaz Waite, Christine Loeding, Luella Kirchner, Laura Jones, Ida Brush, and Jean Masson.[71] Other women of the religion in the period include an artistic commentator and critic Mary Hanford Ford and a Norwegian operatic soprano Bahá'í at the time was Ragna Linné, though no specific connection with Webster is known. Ford joined the Faith after having left Chicago while Linné had recently joined the religion but was well occupied with operatic performances. She became public about her religion in 1908 when Linné, Moody(as "Armody"?) and Harrison, along with others, and Webster, now aged 52 years, had newspaper stories printed about them in Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina, and Kansas noting their religion and their dedication to raising the first House of Worship of the West.[74] In 1909 she assisted at the new year meeting of Bahá'ís in 1909,[75] (later called "Naw Ruz".) She also took some pictures of Bahá'í events and individuals visiting the land that would later host the Bahá'í House of Worship.[76]

For the next few years, Webster appeared several times in the Bahá'í magazine, Star of the West. She read a tablet from ‘Abdu’l-Bahá at the April convention of 1910 for the Bahá’í Temple Unity.[77] The summer of 1910 Webster joined with Beatrice Davies for a July trip to the Eastern US including Washington DC, Baltimore, Norfolk, New York City, and then Providence RI, returning to Chicago in August.[78] Webster held a reception at her home for Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney July 2nd and 4th to hear about the Kitáb-i-Aqdas.[79] In September it was noted she had stayed at the Arthur P. Dodge residence where she read letters from Doctor Moody then in Teheran.[80] In November she was listed among the sponsors of children attending the Tarbiyat Bahá'í school in Teheran, (which the following year was a school for girls.)[81] She is listed cosponsoring the child with Gertrude Buikema, and P. Casselberry. Webster hosted the Woman's Assembly of Teachings the Sunday previous to Dec 31, 1910.[82] The notes of the meeting noted letters exchanged with contacts in Japan, some cities in Iran, Bombay, and Honolulu. Her scholarship for the Bahá'í school in Tehran was renewed in 1911.[83]

In June 1911 it was announced Webster would be host and teacher for Persian art student Ghodsea Ashraf.[84] Indeed Ghodsea was front page news in Philadelphia.[85] The study was to last 4 years. On November 2, 1912, Webster hosted a meeting at her home for ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, at which Dr. Moody and some relatives attended and that evening he attended an interracial meeting,[86] on ‘Abdu’l-Bahá's return to the East Coast.[87]

However in March 1915 it was announced that Webster had died in July 1914, aged 57 years, in Fernandina, Florida, attended by a nurse who wrote of her faith in the religion.[88] Her estate had been settled in November.[89] She would have been interred, if there, in the now old section of the Bosque Bello Cemetery.[90] The closest present Bahá'í community in the area today would be the Bahá’ís of Jacksonville, Florida, a community founded in 1919.[91]

Further reading[edit]

  • Eva Webster Russell, Illinois Women artists project, 2016
  • R. Jackson Armstrong-Ingram (1998). "Eva Webster Russell". Written in Light: ʻAbduʼl-Bahá and the American Baháʼí Community, 1898-1921. Kalimat Press. pp. 68–?. ISBN 978-1-890688-02-8.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Eva Webster Russell, Illinois Women artists project, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rhode Island Carrs Descended from Caleb, Date: by: Julius A. Jahnke, freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com, April 9, 1999
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Committee on Examination of Teachers…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)28 Apr 1875, Wed • Page 8
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ancestry.com, 1910 United States Federal Census, Illinois, Cook, Chicago Ward 20, District 0862, line 9 Template:Registry required
  5. ↑ Ancestry.com, 1860 United States Federal Census, Illinois, Cook, Chicago Ward 10, lines 8–11 Template:Registry required
  6. ↑ Ancestry.com, 1870 United States Federal Census, Illinois, Cook, Chicago Ward 9, lines 1–4 Template:Registry required
  7. ↑ The presentation of prizes, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)26 Jun 1875, Sat • Page 1
  8. ↑ Interstate Industrial Exposition Index, 1873-1890, Ryerson & Burnham Archives, Art Institute of Chicago, p. 235.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 The American Salon: The Art Gallery at the Chicago Interstate Industrial Exposition, 1873--1890. ProQuest. 2007. pp. 271, 465. ISBN 978-0-549-25892-6.
  10. ↑ Wells School…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)6 Oct 1875, Wed • Page 8
  11. ↑ In Memoriam, William Harvey Wells: Sketches of His Life and Character : Memorial Addresses and Proceedings and Resolutions of Public Bodies on the Occasion of His Death. Fergus Print. Company. 1887. p. 3.
  12. ↑ Appointments…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)29 Jan 1876, Sat • Page 8
  13. ↑ Half-century's Progress of the City of Chicago: The City's Leading Manufacturers and Merchants. International Publishing Company. 1887. p. 37.
  14. ↑ Carroll Avenue, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)31 Dec 1876, Sun • Page 9
  15. ↑ For full certificates, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)27 Apr 1877, Fri • Page 3
  16. ↑ Frederick Douglass, 1887 by Eva Webster, Paper&charcoal, National Park Service
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 * See items 58 and 59 at 1877, Apr. - Jun, Manuscripts of correspondence of Frederick Douglass, 1818-1895, Library of Congress
  18. ↑ Douglass was at a few engagements always in Washington D. C. 1887 after being away to Europe -
    • He returned mid-August to "Cedar Home" in Washington D.C. : Fred Douglass to the colored voters, Bangor Daily Whig and Courier (Bangor, Maine)5 Sep 1887, Mon • Page 2
    • He was in a horse carriage accident in Washington D. C. early September : East Washington, The Critic (Washington, District of Columbia)8 Sep 1887, Thu • First Edition • Page 4
    • He still made a local reception in D. C. in mid-September: A public reception…, The Critic (Washington, District of Columbia)15 Sep 1887, Thu • First Edition • Page 4
    • In October He declined attending a republican state event in Pennsylvania : Frederick Douglass to the votes, New-York Tribune (New York, New York)10 Oct 1887, Mon • First Edition • Page 4
    • A week later he attended a local event : Chinese and the South, National Republican (Washington, District of Columbia)15 Oct 1887, Sat • First Edition • Page 1
    • In late October he declines going to a New York state republican convention : Fred Douglass to voters, The Waterloo Press (Waterloo, Indiana)27 Oct 1887, Thu • Page 6
    • He's definitely in home in early November : A division of our vote, The Washington Bee (Washington, District of Columbia)19 Nov 1887, Sat • First Edition • Page 2
    • He's scheduled to give a talk in mid-December in Washington D. C. : Frederick Douglass is announced…, The Washington Bee (Washington, District of Columbia)10 Dec 1887, Sat • First Edition • Page 3
  19. ↑ * Sherman House, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)20 Jan 1877, Sat • Page 8
  20. ↑ Julius E. Thompson; James L. Conyers Jr.; Nancy J. Dawson (9 December 2009). The Frederick Douglass Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-313-38559-9.
  21. ↑ Paul Finkelman (2006). Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619–1895: from the colonial period to the age of Frederick Douglass. Oxford University Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0-19-516777-1. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
  22. ↑ Frederick Douglas at his old home, Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, North Carolina)26 Jun 1877, Tue • Page 2
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 93, Letter from Eva Webster Russel, February 3, 1893. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, (Accessed July 22, 2016.)
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Letter from Eva Webster Russel, May - Jun,. Jun 4, 1893. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, (Accessed July 22, 2016.)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Letter from Eva Webster Russel, Oct. - Nov., Nov 26, 1893. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, (Accessed July 22, 2016.)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Letter from Eva Webster Russel, 1894, March, March 4, 1894. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, (Accessed July 22, 2016.)
  27. ↑ William S. McFeely (1995). Frederick Douglass. Norton. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-393-31376-5.
  28. ↑ Division and Cleaver Street School, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)1 Jul 1881, Fri • Page 3
  29. ↑ Bohemians in art, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)15 Mar 1884, Sat • Page 12
  30. ↑ A screaming play, Janesville Daily Gazette (Janesville, Wisconsin)8 Oct 1885, Thu • Page 4
  31. ↑ * German drama, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)14 Dec 1885, Mon • Page 4
  32. ↑ Art at the exposition, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)4 Sep 1886, Sat • Page 4
  33. ↑ Bohemian Art Club, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)17 Apr 1887, Sun • Page 6
  34. ↑ The Bohemian Art Club, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)27 Apr 1887, Wed • Page 9
  35. ↑ Palette, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)9 Mar 1890, Sun • Page 20
  36. ↑ Notes, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)5 Feb 1888, Sun • Page 18
  37. ↑ With the Palette Club, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)3 Apr 1889, Wed • Page 6
  38. ↑ * Reception to Miss Hosmer, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)12 Apr 1889, Fri • Page 8
  39. ↑ Chicago artists…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)14 Apr 1889, Sun • Page 13
  40. ↑ N. Ledochowski exhibits…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)21 Apr 1889, Sun • Page 13
  41. ↑ It is a matter of regret…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)26 May 1889, Sun • Page 13
  42. ↑ Showing the pictures, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)3 Apr 1890, Thu • Page 3
  43. ↑ The Palette Club exhibitions, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)13 Apr 1890, Sun • Page 24
  44. ↑ The Palette Club exhibition, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)27 Apr 1891, Mon • Page 5
  45. ↑ The "Woman's Club Scholarship"…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)21 Jun 1891, Sun • Page 14
  46. ↑ Take your choice, San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California)4 Aug 1891, Tue • Page 1
  47. ↑ Tenth annual Exhibition of the Palette Club at the Art Institute Dec 1, 1892
  48. ↑ Want general co-operation, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)18 Jan 1891, Sun • Page 2
  49. ↑ Fair items, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)1 Feb 1891, Sun • Page 8
  50. ↑ Constructions of Femininity: Women and the World's Columbian Exposition, Lauren Alexander Maxwell, March 20, 2009, Butler University, p. 1, 2, 6–8
  51. ↑ President's Page; 30 Female Blackstones, by Paula H. Holderman, Illinois Bar Journal, vol 101, issue 9, Sep 2013, p. 444
  52. ↑ Cheryl Ganz (2008). The 1933 Chicago World's Fair: Century of Progress. University of Illinois Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-252-03357-5.
  53. ↑ Harriet Hosmer (1830 - 1908), International Women Sculptors:1893 Chicago World's Fair and Exposition(Continued--page 2), by K. L. Nichols, Feb 24, 2016
  54. ↑ The hearts of Chicago's artists…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)31 Dec 1893, Sun • Page 18
  55. ↑ * Sale of pictures for charity, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)13 Jan 1894, Sat • Page 2
  56. ↑ Whether Eva Webster Russell's…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)4 Feb 1894, Sun • Page 27
  57. ↑ * Chicago artists, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)25 Oct 1894, Thu • Page 7
    • Some portraits, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)25 Oct 1894, Thu • Page 3
  58. ↑ The exhibit of the Palette Club…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)3 Feb 1895, Sun • Page 27
  59. ↑ The Klio Club, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)5 Mar 1896, Thu • Page 8
  60. ↑ The drawing teachers in the West Division High School…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)14 Jun 1896, Sun • Page 43
  61. ↑ The water-color department of the exhibition…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)21 Feb 1897, Sun • Page 27
  62. ↑ * The Chicago women who paint dogs and cats, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)1 Dec 1901, Sun • Page 60
    • Eva Webster Russell, The Chicago women who paint dogs and cats (closeup)], Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois)1 Dec 1901, Sun • Page 60
  63. ↑ Sculpture, Evening Star (Washington, District of Columbia)29 Nov 1902, Sat • First Edition • Page 18
  64. ↑ Vogue Art: Gossip: Concerning Exhibitions, editor Harrison, Marie, volume=20, issue=20, ISSN=0042-8000, Nov 1902, p. iii
  65. ↑ Paints minartures of pet dogs, Milwaukee Journal, Aug 27, 1903, p. 6
  66. ↑ * Some women who paint, The Republic (Columbus, Indiana)9 Jun 1904, Thu • Page 2
  67. ↑ Miniature Painters's annual exposition, Daily Standard Union, Brooklyn NY, Feb 5, 1905, p. 9, (far right)
  68. ↑ Proceedings. 1905. p. 775.
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Ancestry.com 1900 United States Federal Census, Illinois, Cook, Chicago Ward 12, District 0361, lines 58&59. (registration required)
  70. ↑ Peter Smith (2004). Bahá'ís in the West. Kalimat Press. pp. front/back cover. ISBN 978-1-890688-11-0.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 R. Jackson Armstrong-Ingram (1998). "Eva Webster Russell". Written in Light: ʻAbduʼl-Bahá and the American Baháʼí Community, 1898-1921. Kalimat Press. pp. 68–?. ISBN 978-1-890688-02-8.
  72. ↑ ʻAbduʼl-Bahá (1916). Tablets of Abdul-Baha Abbas. Vol. 3. Bahai Publishing Society. pp. 506–8.
  73. ↑ ʻAbduʼl-Bahá (1915). Tablets of Abdul-Baha Abbas. Vol. 2. Bahai Pub. Society. p. 353.
  74. ↑ * Plan temple to prophet, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 27 Sep 1908, p. 11
  75. ↑ Bahais hold convention, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois)21 Mar 1909, Sun • Page 3
  76. ↑ Candace Moore Hill (2010). Bahá'í Temple. Arcadia Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7385-8421-8.
  77. ↑ Afternoon session, Star of the West (Bahai News), vol 1, issue 4, May 17, 1910
  78. ↑ Chicago, Star of the West (Bahai News), vol 1, issue 6, June 24, 1910, editor1=Albert Windust, editor2=Gertrube Buikema
  79. ↑ Chicago, Star of the West (Bahai News), vol=1, issue=7, July 13, 1910, p. 11
  80. ↑ News Stories; Charles Mason Remey…, Star of the West (Bahai News), Sep 8, 1910, vol 1, issue 10, p. 10
  81. ↑ The Persian-American Educational society, Star of the West (Bahai News), vol 1, issue 13, Nov 4, 1910, p. 6
  82. ↑ Chicago, Ill., Star of the West (Bahai News), vol 1,, issue 16, pp 4–5.
  83. ↑ Since the last printed report,…, Star of the West, (Bahai News), vol 2, issue 4, May 17, 1911, p. 2
  84. ↑ Has been a teacher, Pittsburgh Daily Post (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)30 Jun 1911, Fri • Page 5
  85. ↑ Persian girl here to study, by Martha Root, Pittsburgh Daily Post (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)30 Jun 1911, Fri • Page 5
  86. ↑ Maḥmūd Zarqānī (1998). Maḥmūd's Diary: The Diary of Mīrzā Maḥmūd-i-Zarqānī, Chronicling ʻAbduʼl-Bahā's Journey to America. George Ronald. pp. 366–7. ISBN 978-0-85398-418-2. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  87. ↑ Maḥmūd Zarqānī (1998). Maḥmūd's Diary: The Diary of Mīrzā Maḥmūd-i-Zarqānī, Chronicling ʻAbduʼl-Bahā's Journey to America. George Ronald. p. index. ISBN 978-0-85398-418-2. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  88. ↑ [starofthewest.info/viewer.erb?vol=05&page=295 In memorium], Star of the West, vol=5, issue=19, Mar 2, 1915, p. 295
  89. ↑ The National Corporation Reporter. United States Corporation Bureau, Incorporated. 1915. p. 151.
  90. ↑ Bosque Bello Cemetery, Findagrave.com
  91. ↑ Baha'u'llah's Garden, Jacksonville, Fla, 1919-1969 unpublished by Kathryn Louisa Vernon, 1969?, bahai-library.com
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