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Ragna Linné

From Bahaipedia
Ragna Linné
Ragna in 1902.
BornOctober 10, 1862
Oslo, Norway
DiedDecember 25, 1934
OccupationSinger
Spouse(s)Theodore Strouble
Parent(s)Karen Linne (mother)

Ragna Linné, later Ragna Linné Strobel, (October 10, 1862 – December 25, 1934) was a 19th and 20th century classic soprano who emigrated to the United States and eventually encountered the Bahá'í Faith. She performed continually from 1893 through 1907 and often through the 1910s with two tours of many states in the country with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and also served as a faculty with the American Conservatory in Chicago from 1892. She was also visible as a Bahá'í circa 1908 to 1916 during her relative retirement from performing. In particular she was present when ‘Abdu’l-Bahá was at Chicago. Around 1922 she moved to southern California where she was last visible in 1929. There is no information on how she learned of the Faith, and relatively little about her last years, and death. While information is lacking, she appears to be the first Bahá'í of Norwegian/Swedish ancestry.

Early years[edit]

Ragna Linné was born in Oslo, Norway, then known as Christiania, of Swedish-Norwegian parentage.[1] She was born in October 10, 1862.[2][3] The 1875 Census of Norway shows her full name as Ragna Sofie Linne.[4] Though her father is not listed, it was said that through her father she was a descendant of Carl Linnaeus, the renowned Swedish botanist. Her mother was Karen Linne, born in 1831 in Lillehammer. Her occupation indicates she worked at a grocery store. Ragna had one sister, Dagmar Katy Linne born in 1870 and two brothers, George Peter Henrich Linne born in 1864 and Carl Magnus Linne born in 1867.[4]

She was noted as a vocal talent early in life and it was reported that at twelve years of age she served as vocalist in the Catholic cathedral of her native city.[1] It is also said she had a tenacity needed for great achievement and a love for the art.[5]

Success in Europe[edit]

Linné was a present figure in Music of Norway. She was noted as a student of the famed vocal teacher Madame Marchesi,[6] who took students while she lived in Paris, and it was suggested Linné had worked at La Scala, Milan,[7] where many of the finest singers from around the world have appeared.

Approaching 20 years of age, in February 1882, Linné gave a concert in Fredrikstad, Østfold county, Norway offering a list of works: an aria from La Favorita by Donizetti, Mozart's aria from "Figaro", "Birken" by Johan Svendsen, "Serenade" by Charles Gounod, and an aria from "Robert le diable" by Giacomo Meyerbeer.[8] She advertised herself as a student of Marchesi and accepting voice students in Norway in November 1884 in the Oslo-based but nation-wide newspaper, the Aftenposten.[9] She was in another concert in March advertised in the Aftenposten,[10] and May, 1885.[11] She left Norway in July[12] and performed in New York in August of 1885[13] where she appeared in the Bijou Theatre in the musical comedy Soldiers and Sweethearts that ran in August 1885 and August 1886; her singing was favored over her acting ability.

She was back in Norway in October 1890 and performed as part of a nationally advertised show in Oslo.[14] The advertisement for the October 9th shows her with a new last name - Strouble.[15] She had married Theodore Strouble,(various spellings.)[16] He was born about 1853 and was a lithographer.[17] Linné is noted in a concert in Norway in August 1891 with her sister Dagmar, (when the married name was spelled "Strauble".)[18] In September 1891 Mrs T. and daughter Norma Strobel are listed immigrating to the US.[19]

Coming to America[edit]

In part the Linné-Stroble move to America should be viewed in the context of Swedish emigration to the United States right at a period of peak emigration though it had been going on many years. By then the Chicago area and nearby regions had extensive Nordic populations. This is part of the broader issue of the Norwegian diaspora and what it means to be a Norwegian American, and, to a lesser extent, the issue of the political unity, and disunity, between Norway and Sweden.

Linné's married named (as spelled in America) was Ragna Linné Strobel,[3][20] (sometimes Stroble.) They were living in Chicago by 1892. Ragna had just joined the American Conservatory of Music in August,[21] in time recognized as a major institution, where she offered teaching the "Marchesi method".[22] Come December, she was singing Carl Maria von Weber's "Scena and Aria" from Der Freischutz, Johan Svendsen's "The Violet", and Edvard Grieg's "A Vision" at a show.[23]

Rising career in America[edit]

She performed Norwegian folk songs at the World's Columbian Exposition World's Colombian Exposition of 1893 in July,[20] - "Aagots Fjeldsang" and "Eg ser deg ut för gluggjin" - and established a breadth of performances in and around Chicago and beyond. She performed as a operatic classical soprano or contralto annually from 1892 to 1907 with some performances into the 1910s.

In 1893, in addition to the Exposition, she performed several more times. Later in July she was at Clear Lake, Iowa for a series of concerts.[24] In November she performed an aria by Camille Saint-Saëns and other works at the Weber Music Hall in Chicago,[25] followed by joining the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for the first time in December where she sang "Scena and aria" from Freischuetz by Weber as well as "Violen (The Violet") Svendsen and "Eit Syn (A Vision)" Grieg.[26] In early February 1894 she contributed to a charity concert in Chicago,[27] and contributed to another performance the next week.[28] In April and May she had several performances in Chicago, (performing Saint-Saens "My heart at thy sweet voice" from Samson and Delilha and Tito Mattei's "For the sake of the Past" and duets "Love's Discontent" and "Love's Truth" by Frederick F Bullard, and George Henschel's "Oh! That we two were Maying".)[29] In August there was a performance she did of "For the sake of the past" by Mattei.[30] In December of 1894 she was in St. Paul Minnesota for a concert with several encores.[31] In February 1895 she performed the "Star Spangled Banner" for Washington's Birthday in Chicago,[32] and in April she was in Iowa,[33] and January 1896 she was in Chicago for a benefit concert.[34] Later in March it was announced she would perform in a St. Paul fundraiser for an Ole Bull commemoration in May,[35] though the statue unveiling was delayed she performed there a year later when it was unveiled.[36] Meanwhile she performed at a recital[37] and another benefit in March was held at Steinway Hall where she sang "When the heart is young" by Dudley Buck, "Eyt, Syn" by Grieg, "Thy beaming eyes" by Edward MacDowell.[38] A similar concert followed a few days later.[39] In April the American Conservatory faculty gave a concert and Linné's contribution was some songs by Schubert, and Clayton Johns.[40] A Swedish festival performance followed in May with Linné singing the "Aria fran 'Le Cid' by Jules Massenet, and "Var och Kaerick" by Konrad Behrend Behrens.[41] Another Swedish festival concert came in December in St Paul where she performed an aria from Herodiade by Massenet, "None by a lonely heart" by Tchaikovsky, "Lille Gute" by Niels Gade sung in Danish, Shubert's "Erikonig", Marzials' "Twichenham Ferry", Marchesi's "La Follette", Massenet's "Bonne Nuit", and Victor Harris' "A night song".[42] It was noted she had a "high soprano voice of much sweetness and possessing a wonderful dramatic power", with a "three octave" range.[43] She donated a dress doll for fundraising for a home for infants while there.[44] In April 1897 she performed at a testimonial concert for a composer in Chicago,[45] followed by a benefit for a local hospital.[46] In July she performed at a conference of music teachers of the Illinois Music-Teachers association.[47] That fall she sang at a funeral for one of the leading Norwegian families of the city.[48]

In early February 1898 she gave a recital under the auspices of the American Conservatory at Handel Hall where she performed a range of songs mostly by more obscure composers - "Luring Tones" by Halfdan Kjerulf, "Piping down the valley's wild" by Sommerville, "L'Agguata" by Theodoli, "Rest thy deep orb upon me" by Von Fielitz, "Where?" Carl Haine, "Minuet" (1745) D'Exandet, "My Darling" Per Winge, "The Staken" Von Wittich, "A Vision" Grieg, and "An Irish Love Song" Margaret Ruthven Lang.[49] This was followed by a rare "home" performance.[50] Another performance at Handel Hall came in early March on a variety of composers.[51] For the first time since her performances began in 1893 she suffered an illness that forced a reschedule. A performance was set in April highlighting American composers,[52] but was rescheduled due to illness a couple weeks later.[53] But when she did finally perform she included 14 of the total 20 songs offered that night. It was followed by a benefit in May for another hospital.[54] She performed at the Illinois State Music Teacher association at the end of June.[55] Then, for the first time identified so far, Linné managed a summer vacation, ("gone abroad" it is said), from early July.[56] And there are no known appearances the rest of the year.

The following January, 1899, she contributed to the American Conservatory faculty concert with an aria from Mozart's "Figaro" and presented an encore.[57] And performed at Handle Hall again March 1899.[58] There was a June performance at a press club,[59] and for the Conservatory in July.[60] The rest of 1899 would prove a big year for Linné. In the fall her performances begin with a series performing with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra across later 1899 starting in Bloomington, Illinois,[61], then Logansport, Indiana, scheduled in October[62] ending October in Fort Wayne.[63] In early November they are in Duluth, Minnesota.[64] In late November they are in Little Rock, Arkansas.[65] She split off from the full orchestra for a few performances just her representing the William Sherwood company in December in Pennsylvania[66] and Michigan,[67] before rejoining the Orchestra in Indiana,[68] another Sherwood Company concert in Pennsylvania,[69] and back with the Orchestra in Columbus, Indiana,[70] Michigan (twice, and performed an aria from Queen of Sheba by Gounod and a duet "Oh, Days of youth" from La Favorita by Donizetti,)[71] and back to Columbus, Indiana.[72] That finished the tour in late December.

Ragna Linné in 1900

With barely a pause, in late January 1900 she performed back in Chicago[73] but she would work much of the coming year in New York. In September she was noted joining the Metropolitan English Grand Opera Company,[74] and performing in the opera "Mignon".[75] In October she was billed as a contralto working for the English Grand Opera company,[76] and the Castle Square Theatre company out of Boston.[77]

From January 1901 she began to appear in Swedish/Norwegian and Dutch foreign language newspapers from Chicago.[78] The first was the mention of the upcoming February Swedish cultural play known as the Värmlänningarna (The Varmlanders) held in Chicago.[79] In March she was highlighted at a banquet.[78] In December 1901 she performed for another company at the Fine Arts Building in Chicago.[80]

January 1902 started with a repeat of the Chicago Symphony tour on a larger scale. In January Linné and the Orchestra are in Des Moines, Iowa,[81], St Paul, Minnesota,[82] back to Des Moines, Iowa[83] and Lincoln, Nebraska.[84] Her voice faltered in the altitude of Provo, Utah,[85] but she succeeded in Anaconda, Montana, (starting February),[86] and then out to the coast in San Francisco, California,[87] (including Norwegian/Swedish language newspaper from there)[88] Covina, California,[89] Los Angeles,[90] back to San Francisco.[91] Before leaving the area she was able to visit with a former student who was herself then a traveling performer herself.[92] Then she was off with the orchestra to Phoenix,(starting March),[93] and Tuscon, Arizona,[94] Alma[95] and Topeka, Kansas,[96] Houston, Texas,[97] back to Phoenix, Arizona,[98], El Paso, Texas,[99] then north to Leavenworth, Lawrence, and Topeka, Kansas again.[100] There was a break in April - it was announced Linné would do a performance.[101] Then she was back in May in Topeka,[102] then Iowa City, Iowa,[103] Little Rock, Arkansas,[104] and Topeka, Kansas.[105] One article noted that, in this last part of the tour, she did not have a sensitive tone at the event,[106] in less than three weeks news would be made public about the condition of her daughter. Finished with the tour with the symphony she takes a break of a bit more than a week and then she was in Little Rock, Arkansas at a state convention of music teachers performing a variety of songs - an aria from Herodiade by Massenet, "I love Thee" by Grieg, "Magic Song" by Erik Meyer-Helmund, "Do I love thee?" by G. W. Skidmore, and a duet for one show and then the aria from Jeanne d'Arc by Tchaikovsky, and "Do you ask what the birds say" by Gahm,[107] and just two days later she was in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.[108] This is followed by a performance in Peoria, Illinois,[109] where her performance was punctuated by the news that during the concert she got a telegram that her daughter lay near death in Chicago - she took a train after the performance but her daughter died before her arrival.[110] She was buried in the Graceland Cemetery of Chicago.[111]

Following her daughter's death, she continued the pace of performances through the end of the year. She performed next in St Paul in July about three weeks later,[112] and in a Chicago presentation of Stabat Mater by Rossini in October,[113] back in St Paul in November,[114] (she begged off requests to more performances while there,[115] and it was said she had a cold,);[116] she did have two performances Chicago about week later[117] and then December was in both Detroit, Michigan,[118] and Chicago.[119]

Slower pace[edit]

But in 1903 there is a clear slow down. Things start out of similar pace but this was only until May. In January,[120] and March[121] she is in Chicago; April in New Orleans, Louisiana there performing Felix Mendelssohn's St Paul orotario,[122] and May in Monmouth, Illinois.[123] Then there is an extended break until she performs In September for the Ladies Song Club of Illinois.[78] And then it isn't until March 1904 that she next performs, in series in various Kansas cities: Independence,[124] Salina,[125] and Lindsborg.[126] Otherwise she is only advertised as still a faculty of the American Conservatory.[127] In January 1905 she performed at a Swedish festival.[78] Then one loss soon to another, her husband Theodore dies March 6, 1905.[16] She performs at a benefit in April for orphan girls,[128] and the Illinois state teacher music teacher conference in early June.[129] This was also a period of tension and dissolution between Sweden and Norway. Otherwise it is almost to the day a year later in March 1906 she is noticed with a rough voice though still charming the audience at a performance in Chicago.[130] In April for the first time she is in Canada - in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada for an extended stay, (though the performances overall were poorly reviewed, she was given credit trying to rescue the performance,)[131] before going to perform in Belvidere,[132] and Rockford, Illinois, in December.[133] February 1907 she is noted in a President's Birthday event,[134] and in August for a Conservatory series;[135] both in Chicago. She is advertised on the Rockford Conservatory faculty in March.[136] There is a Norwegian eulogy performance she is in, in November.[137] She was in a Minneapolis concert January,1908,[138] and an opera in Chicago in March.[139] Otherwise she is unheard of the rest of 1908 save that went on a trip to Norway from middle May,[140] and returned August.[141] During the time in Norway she appeared in a magazine 1907-1908 edition of For hus og hj ("For House and Home").[142] In November 1908 she is noted as a member of the Chicago English Opera society.[143] She performed in a centennial celebration of the birthday of Abraham Lincoln[144] Feb 9, 1909.[145] Next she appeared in late May 1909 when she performed at concerts that did not draw the expected attendance,[78] of "only" 500 people,[146] and then in October for a piano company.[147] In November she performed for the faculty concert of the American Conservatory.[148] In March 1910, her next performance, she's back performing in Kansas.[149]


The Bahá'í Faith and retirement from touring[edit]

Linné is listed on membership roles of the Faith in 1903.[citation needed][3] Thus for her summer 1908 trip to Norway, shortly after the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden, she would have been the first Bahá'í in Norway. And because her parentage included Swedes, she would be the first Swedish Bahá'í. After her return, she appears listed as a Bahá'í in a couple of newspapers in Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina, and Kansas in September and November 1908 along with a number of other women of the religion, (including Eva Webster), and with Thornton Chase.[150] She was noted in Star of the West on the program during musical interludes in 1910 during the festivities of Ridvan,[151] and made regular appearances there after every couple of years. She was at the 1912 convention, attended by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, offering a benediction written by Louise R. Waite (Shanaz Khanum) called “The New Jerusalem” which ‘Abdu’l-Bahá approved of.[152][153] She also sang the benediction closing the program for the day. This approval of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá's was noted in an advertisement in 1923 in Star of the West when Waite's record of the benediction was for sale when she lived in Hollywood, CA.[154] At that time Linné also lived in southern California. Linné was in the 1914 Bahá'í program again singing during the convention of the early Bahá'í institution, the Bahai Temple Unity.[155] She appeared again at the 1916 convention.[156]

Meanwhile she was in limited performances. In December 1911 she performed for a benefit concert,[78] 1913 saw more activity if only locally. In February she gave a recital in the Fine Arts Theatre.[157] In March she performed at a Bethesda Home Society benefit as well as for the Bethesda Old People's Home members.[78] In September she contributed at a concert benefit at Wicker Park Hall and then she performed for a Norwegian Singer's League at Bjorgvin Hall.[78] In December she performed at a commemoration for Bjorn Bjomson.[78]

Meanwhile Linné took the summers of 1911, 1912,[158] and 1913,[159] at least, off vacationing in Montana and occasionally made appearances as a classical singer but more often was noted as a faculty member of American Conservatory of Music,[160] though she also performed such as at the April 1914 performance at the "Old People's Home",[78] and in October for a meeting of the Chicago Culture Club.[161] A notice in Norway advertised that Linné was helping a music club in Chicago celebrate its 25th anniversary in May.[162] Commentary in Norway occurred on the success of Linné's art as part of a pattern for Norwegians.[163]

World War 1[edit]

Sweden and Norway maintained official neatrality during World War 1, however Norway was classified a Neutral Ally.

A Swedish language newspaper printed in Los Angeles summarized The American-Scandinavian Review out of New York for the January-February 1915 issue.[164] It noted Linne in a portrait, with a backdrop of Olso, standing with a choir.[165]

In addition to her participation in the Bahá'í convention in 1916, in 1916-17 Linné was noted helping to run an artists association in Chicago where she served as vice president of the Illinois Artists' Association as well as the Chair of the Juniors department, and that she often took summers in Norway.[166]

Students[edit]

Though students of hers would appear in their own right as early as 1900,[167] by 1917 she had developed a reputation as a teacher.[168] Students of hers would themselves appeared in newspapers or other reviews over the years.[78][169] One student of hers performed at a Bahá'í meeting on the centenary of the Birthday of Bahá'u'lláh in 1917.[170]

She continued her work with the American Conservatory of Music, otherwise in semi-retirement from performances, until about 1921 when she began to be seen in southern California,[171] though she was still being advertised with the American Conservatory in Chicago into August 1922.[172]

Ragna Linne in 1922

California[edit]

Certainly from August 1922 Linné was visible living in Hollywood, California.[173] She performed "Like as the Hart Desireth" by Frances Allitsen and it was noted she was with former students of hers nearby and a year of absence from the Chicago Conservatory. She performed again at the church in November,[174] when she performed "The Lord is my light" by Allitsen. Her absence from Chicago was noticed.[175] In 1923 she recorded singing the Bahá'í "Benediction" song by Waite which was for sale as a record, (possibly the only recording of her voice.)[154] Linné gave occasional performances in 1924[176] and was still visible soliciting students in Los Angeles in 1929.[177]

In 1930 members of her master's class of singing formed a club in her honor: the Linne Club.[178] They list Linné as then living in Oslo by 1933. The club was composed of: Eleanor Eastlake Maginnis, President; Flora Myers Engel, Treasurer; Flora Stewart, Secretary; and members Hulda Dietz, Jeanne Garnier, Irene Gill, Harriet Henderson, Pearle Hunter, Genevieve Jones, Lena Kerngood, Ann Lalimer, Irma Meeks, Eleanor Rennie, Pauline Terpstra, Marian Tepshaw and Dorothy Valleron.

Her grave in Oslo notes her death December 25, 1934, and she is buried in Vår Frelsers gravlund.[2]

She was remembered in the University of Michigan of Ann Arbor for her performance in December 1899 in festival programs printed in 1931[179] and 1954.[180]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ernst Wilhelm Olson; Martin J. Engberg; Anders Schön (1908). History of the Swedes of Illinois…. Engberg Holmberg publishing Company. pp. 135–136.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Gravferdsetaten i Oslo kommune". begravdeioslo.no. Retrieved Apr 30, 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Jan Teofil Jasion (2012). ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in the West: A Biographical Guide of the People Associated with His travels. Paris, France: Librairie Bahá’íe. p. 261.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Choose the 1875 census and put "Linne" in the surname box and search The Norwedian historical data centre advance search in the censuses, the family does not show up in earlier censuses.
  5. ↑ Souvenir-Program of the Sixth Biennial Singing Festival, North Western Scandinavian Singers Association, Sioux Falls, SD July, 1902, p.17
  6. ↑ Carl Hansen (February 1916). "Northern Music in America". Scandinavian Review. 4 (1): 40. Retrieved Mar 16, 2016.
  7. ↑ Bijou Theatre, New York Clipper, Aug 21, 1885, p. 358, (see far bottom left)
  8. ↑ * Frk. Ragna Linné…(advert), Fredriksstad Tilskuer, (Fredrikstad, Norway,) Feb 16, 1882, p. 3 (2nd column below middle)
  9. ↑ Ragna Linné(advert), Aftenposten, (Oslo, Norway), Nov 14, 1884, p. 2 (bottom right of middle)
  10. ↑ * Ynglingeforeningens(advert), Aftenposten, (Oslo, Norway), March 13, 1885, p. 3 (4th col middle)
  11. ↑ * Ragne Linné(advert), Aftenposten, (Oslo, Norway), May 9, 1885, p. 3 (erd col, below middle)
  12. ↑ Emigrants of Kristiania 1867-1927, additions list Ragna Linne, Arkivverket, 2016
  13. ↑ * Bijou Theatre, New York Clipper, Aug 21, 1885, p. 358, (see far bottom left)
  14. ↑ * Circus(advert), Aftenposten, (Oslo, Norway), Oct 2, 1890, p. 3, (3rd col, below middle)
    • Circus(advert), Aftenposten, (Oslo, Norway), Oct 5, 1890, p. 2, (far top right)
  15. ↑ Circus (advert), Aftenposten, (Oslo, Norway), Oct 9, 1890, p. 3 (3rd col, below middle)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Strobel - Theodore, beloved…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 8 Mar 1905, p. 9
  17. ↑ Theodore Strobel, by DE Sundeen, find-a-grave.com, May 19, 2015
  18. ↑ * Tivoli-Haven(advert), Aftenposten, (Oslo, Norway), August 20, 1891, p. 3 (3rd col below middle)
  19. ↑ Sep 1891 shipping manifest of the SS City of Paris, lines 7 & 8 of page 2, Ancestry.com, (registration required)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Frederic W. Root (1898). "Concert of Folk-songs and national music". In Helen Wheeler Bassett; Frederick Starr (eds.). The International Folk-lore Congress of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, July, 1893…. Charles H. Sergel Company. p. 428.
  21. ↑ Mr. J. J. Kattstaedt, director of…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), Aug 28, 1892, p. 20
  22. ↑ Egbert Swayne (1895). W. S. B . Mathews (ed.). "Musical centers of Chicago - The American Conservatory". Music: A Monthly Magazine, Devoted to the Art, Science, Technic and Literature of Music. The Music Magazine Publishing Company. 7: 173.
  23. ↑ G.H. Wilson; Calvin B. Cady, eds. (1893). "Chicago, Il". The Musical Yearbook of the United States. Clayton F. Summy. 10: 32. Retrieved Mar 9, 2016.
  24. ↑ Clear Lake musical festival, The Algona Upper Des Moines (Algona, Iowa), 19 Jul 1893, p. 8
  25. ↑ * Mme. Ragna Linne sung…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 12 Nov 1893, p. 31
  26. ↑ Seventh Concert (popular), Chicago Symphony Orchestra Program Notes, Volume 2, 1893, pp. 33, 35
  27. ↑ A charity entertainment…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 26 Jan 1894, p. 7
  28. ↑ An excellent audience…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 9 Feb 1894, p. 6
  29. ↑ * Mr. Allen H. Spencer will give…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 15 Apr 1894, p. 30
  30. ↑ * The attractive programme to be presented…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 31 Aug 1894, p. 6
    • Telegraphic news, The New York Dramatic Mirror, New York New York, Sep 8, 1894, p. 14
  31. ↑ Frederick Archer, assisted by Mme. Ragna Linne…, The Saint Paul Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota), 1 Dec 1894, p. 2
  32. ↑ Evanston Boat Club celebration, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 22 Feb 1895, p. 7
  33. ↑ * Harmonie Concert, The Davenport Democrat and Leader (Davenport, Iowa), 14 Apr 1895, p. 3
  34. ↑ A night of English melody, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 6 Jan 1896, p. 5
  35. ↑ For the Ole Bull Fund, The Saint Paul Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota), 6 Mar 1896, p. 3
  36. ↑ Coming with the festival performance…, The Saint Paul Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota), 16 May 1897, Sun, First Edition, p. 12
  37. ↑ Monthly recital of chamber music…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 8 Mar 1896, p. 38
  38. ↑ * A concert for the benefit…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 13 Mar 1896, p. 3
  39. ↑ * The thirteenth of the Sunday afternoon semi-sacred concerts…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 14 Mar 1896, p. 7
  40. ↑ A concert by members of the faculty…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 22 Apr 1896, p. 5
  41. ↑ An evening of song, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 17 May 1896, p. 7
  42. ↑ Schubert club concert, The Saint Paul Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota), 2 Dec 1896, Wed, First Edition, p. 4
  43. ↑ Mme. Ragna Linne…, The Saint Paul Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota), 3 Dec 1896, Thu, First Edition, p. 2
  44. ↑ A very beautiful dressed doll…, The Saint Paul Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota), 6 Dec 1896, Sun, First Edition, p. 19
  45. ↑ A testimonial concert…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 25 Apr 1897, p. 39
  46. ↑ Music and musicians, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 2 May 1897, p. 41
  47. ↑ Music teachers adjourn, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 3 Jul 1897, p. 1
  48. ↑ Funeral of Mrs. Laura Anderson, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 11 Sep 1897, p. 5
  49. ↑ * The Linne concert, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 6 Feb 1898, p. 37
  50. ↑ Mrs. Theodore Perry Shonts…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 13 Feb 1898, p. 35
  51. ↑ Manuscript society concert, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 27 Feb 1898, p. 39
  52. ↑ American Composers' programme, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 24 Apr 1898, p. 17
  53. ↑ Mme. Ragna Linné's song recital…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 8 May 1898, p. 42
  54. ↑ A concert for the benefit…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 8 May 1898, p. 17
  55. ↑ The Illinois Music Teachers' tenth annual convention…, The Buffalo Courier, Buffalo New York, June 26, 1898, p. 14
  56. ↑ Mme. Ragna Linné…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 10 Jul 1898, p. 16
  57. ↑ * The annual faculty concert…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 29 Jan 1899, p. 14
    • Faculty concert, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 1 Feb 1899, p. 6
  58. ↑ Mme Ragna Linne will give her annual song recital…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 26 Mar 1899, p. 14
  59. ↑ Press league entertains, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 25 Jun 1899, p. 4
  60. ↑ The American conservatory…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 23 Jul 1899, p. 14
  61. ↑ Appreciate low prices, The Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois), 23 Oct 1899, p. 5
  62. ↑ * A superb list of attractions, Logansport Reporter (Logansport, Indiana), 11 Sep 1899, p. 3
  63. ↑ * The Symphony concert…, The Fort Wayne News (Fort Wayne, Indiana), 27 Oct 1899, p. 2
  64. ↑ Chicago Symphony Orchestra, The Duluth Evening Herald, Duluth, Minnesota, Nov 9, 1899, p. 5
  65. ↑ * The Chicago Symphony Orchestra… , Arkansas Democrat (Little Rock, Arkansas)28 Nov 1899, Tue • Page 3
    • Amusements, Arkansas Democrat (Little Rock, Arkansas), 29 Nov 1899, p. 3
  66. ↑ The William Sherwood company…, The Daily News (Huntingdon, Pennsylvania), 6 Dec 1899, p. 4
  67. ↑ The William Sherwood company…, The Marshall News (Marshall, Michigan), 8 Dec 1899, p. 8
  68. ↑ Chicago Symphony Orchestra, The Republic (Columbus, Indiana), 14 Dec 1899, p. 4
  69. ↑ Sherwood concert company, The Daily News (Huntingdon, Pennsylvania), 14 Dec 1899, p. 1
  70. ↑ Chicago Symphony Orchestra, The Columbus Republican (Columbus, Indiana), 21 Dec 1899, p. 7
  71. ↑ * Choral Union Series, University of Michigan of Ann Arbor, University Musical Society Concert Program, December 18, 1899, p. 1
  72. ↑ Chicago Symphony Orchestra, The Columbus Republican (Columbus, Indiana), 21 Dec 1899, p. 7
  73. ↑ The art and literature department…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 28 Jan 1900, p. 18
  74. ↑ Notes of music, The New York Times, Sep 23, 1900
  75. ↑ * To sing in "Mignon", The Morning Telegraph, New York New York, Sep 25, 1900, p. 7
  76. ↑ * A beautiful new contralto, Asheville Daily Gazette (Asheville, North Carolina), 18 Oct 1900, p. 3
  77. ↑ Miss Ragna Linne…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 28 Oct 1900, p. 35
  78. ↑ 78.00 78.01 78.02 78.03 78.04 78.05 78.06 78.07 78.08 78.09 78.10 Ragna Linne results, Foreign Language Press Survey (1855-1940), published by the Chicago Public Library Omnibus Project of the Works Progress Administration of Illinois, (1942)
  79. ↑ * Mme Ragna Linne, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 3 Feb 1901, p. 25
  80. ↑ The second of the current seasons' ballad concerts…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 8 Dec 1901, p. 39
  81. ↑ Auditorium(advert), The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), 15 Jan 1902, p. 6
  82. ↑ Five eminent artists, The Saint Paul Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota), 11 Jan 1902, p. 2
  83. ↑ Auditorium(advert), The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), 15 Jan 1902, p. 6
  84. ↑ When Madam Ragna Linne…, The Nebraska State Journal (Lincoln, Nebraska), 15 Jan 1902, p. 3
  85. ↑ Provo - Grand Symphony Concert, The Deseret News, Jan 30, 1902, p. 7
  86. ↑ Amusements, The Anaconda Standard (Anaconda, Montana), 2 Feb 1902, p. 12
  87. ↑ Chicago Symphony Orchestra (advert), San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California), 9 Feb 1902, p. 4
  88. ↑ Miss Ragna Linne…, Vestkusten, San Francisco, 13 February 1902, p. 8, 2nd col below mid
  89. ↑ * More than four nations…, Covina Argus (Covina, California), 22 February 1902, p. 8
  90. ↑ "Musical notes". The Capital. Los Angeles, CA: 18. Feb 22, 1902. Retrieved Mar 16, 2016.
  91. ↑ Fine orchestra from Chicago, San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California), 27 Feb 1902, p. 8
  92. ↑ Around the hotels, Los Angeles Herald, Los Angeles, 3 March 1902, p. 7, 3rd col, below top
  93. ↑ Amusements, Arizona Republic (Phoenix, Arizona), 2 Mar 1902, p. 3
  94. ↑ Tuscon Opera House, Arizona Daily Star (Tucson, Arizona)5 Mar 1902, Wed • Main Edition • Page 8
  95. ↑ Arrangements have just been made…, The Alma Enterprise (Alma, Kansas), 7 Mar 1902, p. 8
  96. ↑ * To play at auditorium, The Topeka Daily Capital (Topeka, Kansas), 9 Mar 1902, p. 7
  97. ↑ The Chicago Symphony Orchestra (advert), The Houston Post (Houston, Texas), 10 Mar 1902, p. 8
  98. ↑ Chicago Symphony Concert, Arizona Republic (Phoenix, Arizona), 12 Mar 1902, p. 5
  99. ↑ El Pasoans have a magnificent opportunity, El Paso Herald (El Paso, Texas), 12 Mar 1902, p. 5
  100. ↑ * Programme of Chicago Symphony Orchestra, The Leavenworth Times (Leavenworth, Kansas), 23 Mar 1902, p. 2
  101. ↑ The Schumann club…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 13 Apr 1902, p. 42
  102. ↑ Will be musical treat, The Topeka Daily Capital (Topeka, Kansas), 18 May 1902, p. 8
  103. ↑ Grand festival of music (advert), Iowa City Press-Citizen (Iowa City, Iowa), 20 May 1902, Tue, p. 2
  104. ↑ Gustav Holmquist, Daily Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock, Arkansas), 25 May 1902, p. 12
  105. ↑ * Charles W. Clark to come, The Topeka Daily Capital (Topeka, Kansas), 4 May 1902, p. 5
  106. ↑ The children were noisy, The Topeka Daily Capital (Topeka, Kansas), 5 Jun 1902, p. 6
  107. ↑ State music teachers meet in convention, Daily Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock, Arkansas), 12 Jun 1902, p. 5
  108. ↑ The Davis musicale, Oshkosh Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin), 14 Jun 1902, p. 2
  109. ↑ The Saengerfest at Peoria, Springfield Missouri Republican (Springfield, Missouri), 22 Jun 1902, p. 1
  110. ↑ * The Saengerfest at Peoria, Springfield Missouri Republican (Springfield, Missouri), 22 Jun 1902, p. 1
  111. ↑ Strobel - Norma Donata Linné…, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 22 Jun 1902, p. 7
  112. ↑ * Following music by the Minnehaha Mandskor…, The Saint Paul Globe (Saint Paul, Minnesota), 12 Jul 1902, p. 3
    • Three joyous days, The Minneapolis Journal (Minneapolis, Minnesota), 14 Jul 1902, p. 7
  113. ↑ The new Warringtong opera-house…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 28 Sep 1902, p. 35
  114. ↑ Mme Ragna Linne has been engaged…, The Minneapolis Journal (Minneapolis, Minnesota), 11 Oct 1902, p. 18
  115. ↑ * Wennerbert concert to-night, The Minneapolis Journal (Minneapolis, Minnesota), 14 Nov 1902, p. 10
  116. ↑ The Wennerbert concert, The Minneapolis Journal (Minneapolis, Minnesota), 15 Nov 1902, p. 6
  117. ↑ * Senefelders give a concert, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 24 Nov 1902, p. 5
  118. ↑ * Manager Fritz Kalsow…, Detroit Free Press (Detroit, Michigan), 16 Nov 1902, p. 17
  119. ↑ * Apollo Club announces five concerts during season, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 28 Sep 1902, p. 35
  120. ↑ The Germania club a growing organization, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 28 May 1905, p. 33
  121. ↑ * Concert Soloists of the week, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 15 Mar 1903, p. 15
  122. ↑ Mme. Ragna Linné…, The Times-Democrat (New Orleans, Louisiana), 24 Apr 1903, p. 4
  123. ↑ Town's talen on program, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 13 May 1903, p. 7
  124. ↑ Mmr. Ragna Linne,…, Independence Daily Reporter (Independence, Kansas), 22 Mar 1904, Tue, p. 3
  125. ↑ Bethany College Bulletin, The Salina Daily Union (Salina, Kansas), 25 Mar 1904, p. 4
  126. ↑ * "Messiah" at Lindsborg, The Salina Evening Journal (Salina, Kansas), 29 Mar 1904, Tue, p. 2
  127. ↑ American Conservatory(advert), The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 28 Aug 1904, p. 38
  128. ↑ Little girl orphans will recieve proceeds of concert, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 24 Apr 1905, p. 2
  129. ↑ The Illinois music teacher association, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 14 May 1905, p. 43
  130. ↑ Linne-Levy Recital, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 8 Mar 1906, p. 6
  131. ↑ Madame Ragna Linne…, The Winnipeg Tribune (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada), 7 Apr 1906, p. 6
  132. ↑ Series of Recitals, Belvidere Daily Republican (Belvidere, Illinois), 6 Dec 1906, p. 8
  133. ↑ Concert at Rockford, Freeport Journal-Standard (Freeport, Illinois), 10 December 1906, p. 4
  134. ↑ Judge Grosscup to speak to Knights of Columbus, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 11 Feb 1907, p. 10
  135. ↑ 22nd season of the American Conservatory, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 25 Aug 1907, p. 40
  136. ↑ R'KF'D Conservatory of Music(advert), Belvidere Daily Republican (Belvidere, Illinois), 23 Mar 1907, p. 3
  137. ↑ Norwegian League will eulogize Grieg in song, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 17 Nov 1907, p. 7
  138. ↑ Edvard Grieg Memorial Concert, Minneapolis Auditorium. K.C. Holter Publishing Company. January 24, 1908.
  139. ↑ Mrs. Stensland to sing in opera, Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago, Illinois), 19 Mar 1908, p. 5
  140. ↑ "Chicago…". Musical Courier: A Weekly Journal Devoted to Music and the Music Trades. Musical Courier Company. 56 (20): 81. May 13, 1908.
  141. ↑ List or Manifest of alien passengers for the United States, for the 1908 voyage of the S.S. Hellig Olav, (see line 3), Ancestry.com, (registration required)
  142. ↑ (in page 563?) Register til en del Norske tidsskrifter(till 12/31/1909) (Register for part Norwegian periodicals). Vol. 2. Cammermeryers Boghandel. 1911. p. 512.
  143. ↑ English Opera, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 22 Nov 1908, p. 37
  144. ↑ Nathan William MacChesney, ed. (1910). "Acknowledgements". Abraham Lincoln; the tribute of a century. A. C. McClurg & Co. pp. 545–6.
  145. ↑ This is Lincoln Centenial Day, Chicago Tribune, Feb 12, 1909, p. 1
  146. ↑ Scandinavian music festival: Revyan May 29, 1909, Chicago foreign language press survey, (1942), Chicago Public Library Omnibus Project of the Works Projects Administration of Illinois, p. 743
  147. ↑ The Mason & Hamlin Piano (advert), The Des Moines Register (Des Moines, Iowa), 31 Oct 1909, p. 4
  148. ↑ On Tuesday evening the annual concert…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 26 Nov 1909, p. 6
  149. ↑ * Lindsborg's fete Mar. 20-27, The Ottawa Daily Republic (Ottawa, Kansas), 11 Mar 1910, p. 1
  150. ↑ * Plan temple to prophet, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 27 Sep 1908, Page 11
  151. ↑ Program Baha'i Festival Service Star of the West, May 17, 1910, p. 3
  152. ↑ Moojan Momen (1986). Studies in Bábí and Bahá'í History. Kalimát Press. pp. 245–6.
  153. ↑ The Public meetings of the Fourth Annual Convention of the Bahai Temple Unity, by Joseph H. Hannen, May 17, 1912, pp. 3-5, 32…
  154. ↑ 154.0 154.1 Phonograph records are now being made…, Star of the West, December 1923, p. 278
  155. ↑ * Sixth Annual convention of the Bahai Temple Unity, by Alfred E. Lunt, Star of the West, May 17, 1914, p. 53
  156. ↑ The Opening Session, by Joseph H. Hannen, Star of the West, July 13, 1916, p. 53
  157. ↑ Chicago music letter, Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Massachusetts, Feb 1, 1913, p. 23
  158. ↑ Mme. Ragna Linne,…, The Anaconda Standard (Anaconda, Montana), 21 Jul 1912, p. 27
  159. ↑ * Madame Ragna Linne…, Omaha Daily Bee (Omaha, Nebraska), 11 Sep 1913, Thu, First Edition, p. 8
  160. ↑ * Warren Bureau, Suburbanite Economist (Chicago, Illinois), 8 Mar 1912, p. 1
  161. ↑ Directory and Register of Women's Clubs, City of Chicago and Vicinity. Linden Brothers & H.H. De Clerque. 1914. p. 248.
  162. ↑ Sangforening i Chicago feirer 25aars juliæum, Aftenposten, April 29, 1914, p. 4 (4th col below top)
  163. ↑ Norske kvinder : en oversigt over deres stilling og livsvilkaar i hundredeaaret 1814-1914, p. 332-3
  164. ↑ Litteratur, Vestkusten, Number 51, 23 December 1915, p. 3 (3rd col, mid page)
  165. ↑ Though I cannot find the mention itself - The American-Scandinavian Review, Volume 3, 1915
  166. ↑ Artists' Association, Musical Blue Book, 1916-1917, p. 61, 91
  167. ↑ * Miss Elaine de Sellem…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 9 Sep 1900, p. 15
  168. ↑ Ernst Wilhelm Olson (1917). The Swedish Element in Illinois: Survey of the Past Seven Decades : with Life Sketches of Men of Today. Swedish-American Biographical Association. pp. 258–258.
  169. ↑ * Miss Elaine de Sellem…, The Inter Ocean (Chicago, Illinois), 9 Sep 1900, p. 15
  170. ↑ * "Mme. Linne's Singers". The Musical Leader. J. French Demerath and E. French Smith. 34 (20): 492. Nov 15, 1917. Retrieved Mar 18, 2016.
    • Public meeting, Star of the West, volume 8, issue 14, Nov 23, 1917, p. 199
  171. ↑ * Has voice tested, The Decatur Herald (Decatur, Illinois), 23 Jul 1916, p. 5
  172. ↑ * "American Conservatory Notes". Music News. Charles E. Watt. 14 (1): 19. April 7, 1922.
  173. ↑ Orren M. Donaldson; Harriet Day, eds. (Aug 5, 1922). "Mme. Ragna Linne in Hollywood". Holly Leaves. Hollywood, CA. 11 (30): 6. Retrieved Mar 18, 2016.
  174. ↑ Orren M. Donaldson; Harriet Day, eds. (Nov 3, 1922). "Ninth Anniversary". Holly Leaves. Hollywood, CA. 11 (43): 6. Retrieved Mar 18, 2016.
  175. ↑ Evelyn M. French (March 9, 1922). "Around the Studios". The Musical Leader. J. French Demerath and E. French Smith. 43 (10): 220.
  176. ↑ * Music reigns supreme at annual banquet of M. T. A., Santa Ana Register (Santa Ana, California), 6 Nov 1924, p. 5
  177. ↑ (advertisements), Pacific Coast Musician, May 18, 1929, Los Angeles, CA, pp. 8, 16
  178. ↑ Bruno Davis Ussher, Bureau of Musical Research, ed. (1933). "Southland echoes (The Linne Club, Los Angeles)". Who's who in music and dance in Southern California. Hollywood CA: William J. Perlman. p. 133.
  179. ↑ The Thirty-eighth Annual May Festival by Earl V. Moore, University of Michigan of Ann Arbor, University Musical Society Concert Program, May 13, 14, 15, 16 1931, p. 96
  180. ↑ The Sixty-first Annual May Festival, University of Michigan of Ann Arbor, University Music Society Concert Program, April 29, 30, May 1, 2, 1954, p. 63
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