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3rd National Bahá’í Youth Conference of the United States

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The 3rd National Bahá'í Youth Conference of the United States, in later June 1973, was held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was the largest such meeting to date in the western hemisphere,

Time of coverage[edit]

Background and conference announced[edit]

The Oklahoma City Bahá'í community was founded by the Entzminger family in 1936 pioneering from Geyserville, California, in 1936. By 1938 an assembly had been elected with 10 members of the community.[1] However Louis Gregory had spoken in town in December 1919.[2] Young Clara Entzminger was the first noted in the local newspapers in March 1937 soon followed by her brother Bob.[3] The first mention in the newspaper of a Bahá'í event was in November.[4] An Esperanto society was formed as well with the Entzmingers.[5] Albert, father of the family, gave the talk at the first Race Unity Day event held in October.[6] Albert died between 1953 and 1956 after working for a local broadcast station that started a TV channel WKY-TV,[7] (now KFOR-TV.) The Bahá'í Club of the University of Oklahoma at Oklahoma City was founded in 1959.[8]

The Bahá'ís dedicated a center in Oklahoma City in March 1966. Nearly 50 people adults, youth, and children, are visible in the dedication. Then Auxiliary Board member Vlema Sherril spoke at the event conveying a message from the National Assembly along with member Paul Pettit as well. The center building was a donation of the former home of Dr. Virginia P. Harden who had moved away. The city was the first assembly of Oklahoma founded during the First Seven Year Plan (1937-1944.)[9]

Nationally the Bahá'í youth population had been growing. Marion Holley had undertaken a survey of Bahá'í youth about 1936 which noted clusters of youth in some regions of the country and some meetings specific to youth began. In 1953 there were 60 new Bahá'í youth then in the country[10] - constantly aging out but now growing in families. The National Youth Committee and communities were supporting and sustaining youth activities as a normal part of community life across the country with Bahá'í communities from about 1960.[10] The committee became the "Bahá'í College Bureau" and then the "Office of Youth and Student Activities" under the National Teaching Committee which itself reported to the National Assembly. Summer youth projects were beginning to be organized in the mid-1960s. In 1967 nationally there were about 11 times more youth in the space of 15 years - a rate that must include significant conversion. The city itself had hosted a youth conference in the winter of 1966-1967.[11] It had been sponsored by the State Goals Committee and received a letter from Hand of the Cause of God Abu'l-Qásim Faizi. Another had been held in nearby Wichita, Kansas, in May 1967.[12] Some 30 people are pictured attending. One attendee was Bransford Watson of Oklahoma City. He was chair of the Oklahoma City assembly in 1963.[13] In 1968 the first national youth conference was held with some 500 particpants[10] at the Wilmette Bahá'í Temple[14] following which regional youth conferences were held.[15] In 1969 in addition to the community of Oklahoma City there was one in the suburb of Edmond too.[16] In 1969 Oklahoma had 4 assemblies and an additional 19 places with groups or isolated believers.[17] That was then when the national assembly initiated the first Plan for youth - the Five Year Youth Program - in 1968 after meeting on the lawn during the convention.[10] Nationally the Bahá'í youth population in 1969 had growth to some 1800.[10]

A great deal of attention of the national community and youth was focused on the Bahá'í Faith in South Carolina especially 1969-1972.

The 3rd National Bahá'í Youth Conference, held in June 1973, was announced to be held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in February 1973 in the National Bahá'í Review with no details.[18]

Attending[edit]

In addition to uncounted personal stories, some made an effort for newspapers to mention their participation. These began to appear in middle June and would go along into July after the event.

From Greencastle, Indiana, came news of students and staff of nearby Cleveland DePauw and Indiana State Universities and a high school junior Greencastle high school junior.[19] The article included an early listing of performers and speakers already listed. Richard Kochman also went as a representative of an insurance company. He had been part of a Birth of Bahá'u'lláh observance,[20] and Naw Ruz.[21]

From eastern Texas two were noted going. One was a Carver High School secretary and the other was a senior of the school, her sister, Robin Porter. This might have been George Washington Carver High School in Marshall, Texas. The other school of the town, hosting the Marshall Mavericks, was mixed race but might have resulted from merging the schools.[22][23] Porter was an African American cheerleader at the nearby Karnack High School the year before.[24] The next year she was homecoming queen, while former chair of the community Bransford Watson, mentioned above, had begun to serve at the then new Louis Gregory Bahá'í Institute.[25] Porter competed in the Miss Jabberwack contest of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.[26]

About 30 youth from Sonoma County, California, went to the conference.[27] Special mention in the coverage was of Edward F. Carpenter, advertised to be the master of ceremonies, and that he was the headmaster of the Harlem Prep School of New York. Carpenter had started the Harlem Prep School some years earlier, and had Masters Degree from Long Island University.[28]

Nine Miamians were going from Florida though their names were not recorded.[29] Jeanette Schelin, member of the San Bernardino Spiritual Assembly, was going.[30] Four were going from Missoula including Charles Nolley,[31] chair of the Assembly[32] and the next year he attended a youth conference in Hawaii.[33] Stephen Rogers and Donald Jessup attended from the Lafayette, Indiana, area.[34] Rogers was chair in Lafayette,[35] and Jessup was chair of the West Lafayette assembly.[36] A high School junior and John French Jr., chair of an assembly of Nashua, New Hampshire, were going and were part of a chartered flight of New England youth; there was also mention of a ‘trade fair’ for the youth.[37] Three people from Greensboro, North Carolina, went.[38] The Franklin Khan family were going from Flagstaff, himself recently back from a trip to elect the Universal House of Justice.[39] College students of San Mateo, California, were noted going.[40] Debra Bowers and another were coming from Casper, Wyoming.[41] Bowers married shortly after the conference.[42] Conrad, Jan, Shelly, & Patricia Rothman, and Paul Vreeland and others, were going to the conference.[43] Conrad had played violin at Negro History Week more than a decade earlier[44] and the couple had attended the Jamaican Bahá'í conference of 1971.[45] Carol died in 1977.[46] William F. Brooks and two others came from Stauton, Virginia.[47] Brooks had been chair of the Augusta County assembly in 1965.[48]

Local coverage in Oklahoma City began to pick up June 19 noting the Seals & Crofts duo starting their show the end of the coming week. The brief mention with a picture said the concert was free but all tickets had already been given away.[49] The group had just performed in Tulsa and would go on to the University of Utah the week after.[50]

Nine came from Jackson, Mississippi, including Dorothy Bruner, who had been a travel teacher coordinator in the West Indies the year before,[51] and there was mention of a 'trade fair’ again for Bahá'í youth looking to a future of service along with a program of performers and speakers.[52] After a wedding a few days before, a new couple were going from Madison, Wisconsin, who were graduate students of the University of Wisconsin at La Crosse and the University of Illinois.[53] Seven from El Paso, Texas, were going including Terry Van Fleet, Margaret Drury, and Joseph Zambrano.[54] Van Fleet would go to the 1974 St. Louis National Bahá'í Conference,[55] Drury was an accomplished pianist,[56] and Zambrano would be part of a Las Cruces study on the oneness of humanity.[57]

The next day of local coverage mentioned another free concert of Seals & Crofts was scheduled.[58] Eleven thousand tickets were taken up quickly and there was going to be a show on Sunday too.

Two from Canandaigua, New York were coming,[59] six from Sebastopol, California, and a total of 20 unnamed from Sonoma County[60] but on follow up seven were named and one presented a slideshow of the event after coming home. Some named included Rachel Kessler, Diane Hickman, Sandy Ferney, and Richard & Robert Sayer. About 25 people went from the county area for the five-day conference.[61] Kessler would go on to aid planning the Bahá'í Summer School of Sebastool.[62] Hickman would go on to be part of a program presenting the religion in Sebastopol.[63] Richard Sayer had been part of the first assembly of Sebastopol the previous year.[64]

Two from Kearns, Utah, went. One was William Stapes, who was the vice-chair of their assembly, along with his wife who went, who was the secretary. There was also a quote attributed to Kazemzadeh included in the newspaper coverage - that the US Bahá'ís had grown “at least six-fold in the past nine years” and that “the influx of minorities changed the character of the Bahá'í community, making it even more diverse and dynamic.… Simultaneously, the unprecedented large proportion of youth among the new converts radically changed the age distribution and brought additional vigor to the community.”[65] John Warner, the same man that had shown slides in Sebastopol, did so in Salt Lake City.

Local coverage briefly noted the conference was at the Oklahoma State Fairgrounds.[66]

Amarillo, Texas, Bahá'ís were going but it didn’t say how many or who they were.[67] General information about the conference was published in Yerington, Nevada, though not specifying if anyone was going.[68]

Free tickets to the Seals & Crofts concerts on Sunday were gone by the Friday before.[69] The Saturday concert which would include England Dan and John Ford Coley, another duo Lawrence and Roselle, and Don Reed, would be broadcast on radio KOFM under manager Dick Wilkinson with radio announcers John Hendrix and Michael Elder as MCs for the concert.[70] Reed was a jazz/folk performer from Los Angeles at the time.[71]

Four from Pomona, California; a high school student and California Polytechnic State University students were named going.[72] Another was named from Akron, Ohio.[73]

Some 22 from Tucson, Arizona were going: Timothy & Mrs Kraft, Iran & Mrs Misaghi, Julian & Mrs McGhee, Zia'u'llah Yazdani.[74] Kraft was the keynote speaker a few years later at a Petaluma observance of Human Rights Day.[75] McGhee and Kraft held a Tuscon Peace Day for the Bahá'ís.[76] Kraft and Yazdani were both serving on the Tuscan assembly.[77]

Ted Karres from Daly City was going - he was a student from Westmoor High School.[78] Three families of Greenfield, Indiana, went to the conference.[79] Three Charlotte youth from North Carolina went including Wendy Chenoweth[80] who had been in a wedding a couple years before.[81]

Several Bahá'ís of the Palm Springs area were going to study, and there was mention in newspaper coverage of the fellowship and character development opportunities of the conference along with an outline of the program and an early estimate of more than five thousand expected to attend.[82] A Bahá'í from Kokomo, Indiana, went.[83]

There was an unusual usage of fireworks in area homes around Oklahoma City to the point many complaints to police and several fires were set accidentally.[84] Again there was bare mention of the event in the local news.[85]

John and Georgia Dale went. John worked for the city government in pollution control and Georgia worked for Dialogue Magazine.[86] The next year they were in Berwyn, Illinois.[87]

There was a profile of the religion and members in the local newspaper published June 24. It was an interview with Zora Ludwig of LeMars, Iowa, and Kathleen Van De Loo of Sheboygan, WI on Saturday night. They noted teachings against war and racism, against alcohol and drugs, and equality of men and women, and a universal auxiliary language an establishment of a universal peace.[88] Van De Loos made the news back home too. Cher Bono’s presence and “declaration” was noted.[89] This was probably the most well known personality to be connected to the religion at least up to this point - people remembered witnessing her presence and actions, however, though she has not mentioned it beyond the event, it was thought by many that lifestyle issues intervened one way or another.[90]

Several from Shreveport, Louisiana went including Barbara Hubbart and Terry Smith.[91] Hubbart was long active in Louisiana and died in 2019,[92] and Smith was soon wed.[93]

Four from Nashville went - Alice & Walton, Marcia & Jane Knapp - and Robert James of Cookeville, Tennessee.[94] Followup after the conference mentioned them as well as Amin & Mrs Jazab visiting from Zaire.[95]

Bahá'ís of Xenia, Ohio, including went Duane Dawson and Joseph & Mrs. Higgins.[96] They were members of the assembly and went to the 1974 St. Louis Bahá'í Youth Conference.[97] The Higgins had been part of Bahá'í events in town.[98]

Twelve were mentioned from Reno, Nevada, area went including Loretta Kimsey, David Giles, and Debbie Ingerson - all students or recent graduates.[99] Kimsey,[100] Giles,[101] and Ingerson[102] had been active in events in town.

Eleven came from Colorado Springs area including John & Margaret Bonahoom. Again there was an estimate of give thousand attending.[103] Bonahoom had previous spoken in New Mexico.[104]

Six from Green Bay went including Mark Heleniak and high school student Rick Schaut, Hazel Zimmerman, Sue Schaut. Coverage was anticipating some five thousand attendees from 50 states and some from other countries. There was mention of the vital role of youth in the future of society and using the conference to prepare themselves. Cher was again mentioned as a surprise performer. William Sears and Marguerite Reimer, noted as niece of August Reimer founder of Reimer Meat Products, were also mentioned appearing.[105] Heleniak[106] the Schauts[107] Zimmerman[108] had been active in other appearances in the area. They and others also went to the 1974 St. Louis Bahá'í Youth Conference.[109] The Sears had come through Scottsdale, Arizona, with their 12 yr old granddaughter Marguerite Minor.[110]

Nine from Brattleboro, Vermont, area went including Ralph Chapman, Kathy Gray, Larry Gray, Jane Porter, Debbie Guthrie, and Lisa Kendrick.[111] Newspaper coverage after the conference included an estimate of 4900 attendees. Meetings had been spread across the Rodeo arena and the Fairgrounds for cafeteria, auditorium and small meeting areas. People rotated among three sessions with a speaker, breaking out into study groups, and a musical performance including Dawning from Northampton-Amherst area. The 'trade show' was booths and displays set for areas where Bahá'í pioneers were needed as well as trades and careers in those areas. 31 regions had been asked to hold booths for the trade show including the Northern Wisconsin area.[112] Chapman and Guthrie were well active in the Brattleboro area,[113] and they and others were a delegation to give a copy of Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era to the town manager back in April.[114] The assembly later lapsed and re-formed with several who had been to the conferences.[115]

An operetta was also composed and performed The Education of Henry Halifax about learning “to live in the Bahá'í community and how he deals with the tests and difficulties of modern life."[111] The play was by Mimi McClellan, who died in 2019,[116] directed by Steve Bolle and staged by 29 people.[117] The whole McClellan family flew from Boston where they were then living. It was performed Thursday night 8pm in the Rodeo arena with Mimi's daughter Maggie also performing.[117] The 75 minute play had been commissioned by the national assembly to be used at the following year at the conference and rehearsals had started by the fall of 1972, about "an active Bahá’í community in a college town, composed of a diverse group of characters ranging from Persian elder to aging hippie to college nerd."[117] The main characters were white and black youth and by the end of the play, with non-Bahá'ís parents involved, they marry after an adventure through various teachings. There was a mike problem the interrupted the start of the play mediated by Dwight Allen but it was fixed and continued. The overture and finale were pre-recorded by Mim and some unnamed Harvard college students. Two of the performers - Barbara and Jeffrey Kurtze - had just married before the conference and had to drive non-stop to get there with a bad weather outbreak in the mid-west with over 200 tornadoes reported in the month and 30 in the week of the conference around the US though the only ones in Oklahoma were at a distance south and east[118] and the outbreak was not nationally highly remarkable compared to others,[119] but people arriving by plane were diverted.[117]) Some thought a real siren was used in the performance which caused some confusion among the support staff even outside the building.[117] There was a second performance just for the members of the national assembly, and perhaps another just for William Sears, who had missed the public one according to recollections - another was done later at Green Acre.[117]

Mexican painter Eduardo Perez de Leon was noted in Oklahoma City newspaper more than a week after the conference noting he had come for it and had been a professor at the University of Autonomous Nuevo Leon and stayed with friends in Norman, OK and had a showing there set for mid-August and wanted to teach at the University of Oklahoma for a year. He had spent two years in Europe. He had been commissioned to paint a portrait of India president S. Radhakrishnan and was set to do others. He had been raised Catholic and had then paintings on display in the Museum of Modern Art in Mexico City. Some art he shows but maintains ownership because he likes them so much. He was hoping to do a painting of Fred Jones Jr of town. His wife Mina if from Iran and was also a Bahá'í and they were married in Norman OK and most of his family have joined the religion.[120]

Eight from Rochester, Vermont, near Brattleboro, returned including Donald, Ann, & Tucker Cruikshank, and George, Mary, Joanne & Philip Goding - and 10 other Vermonters known were among more than four thousand Bahá'ís reported attending.[121] The Cruikshanks and Goding families had held active locally and traveling and the community there had just elected their first assembly.[122]

About four from the area of Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, went - Francis Culbert, Ragna Dyer and friend Dana Christensen and Gordon Culbert(Chippewa Falls Bahá'í group), Sue Frenzel (Eau Claire Bahá'í group). The major quote centered at the conference was "The activities, hopes and ideals of the Bahá'í youth in America, as well as in other parts of the worldare close and dear to my heart. Upon them rests the supreme and challenging responsibility to promote the interests of the Cause of God in the days to come: to coordinate its world wide activities, to extend its scope, to safeguard its integrity, to exalt its virtues, define its purpose and translate its ideals and aims into memorable and abiding achievements. Theirs is a mighty task at once holy, stupendous, and enthralling ... .” Speakers were noted at Firuz Kazemzadeh, Dan Jordan. and William Sears instead of Dorothy Nelson. North Wisconsin had a boot at the “Pioneer Trade Fair”.[123] Many had been planning since May,[112] and also went to the 1974 St. Louis Bahá'í Youth Conference[124] and a regional event.[125]

Lynn Markovich Bryant was there.[126] The July-Auguest edition of the American Bahá'í had mention of a photo of Eva Kahn at the conference.[127] Many went from Seattle and Washington State.[128] Terry Randolph went too.[129]

Another reference noted more than four thousand Bahá'ís attended - and that it was the largest meeting yet in the Western Hemisphere. Nineteen countries attended as did representatives of Nineteen American Indian tribes. Phil Christiansen was the chair of the conference opened Wednesday June 20. Glenford Mitchell summarized the end of the Five Year Youth Program that had been going on since 1968 which itself had helped the goals of the Nine Year Plan. In 1968 only some 800 Bahá'í you were noted while in 1973 it was counted at at least 10 thousand. Hand of the Cause William Sears spoke on five occasions, Continental Counselor Sarah Pereira and auxiliary board members also spoke. The national assembly met in session during the conference as well as individual members who had given presentations. The public concert Saturday lasted almost 4 hrs with Seals & Crofts among the performers before more than twelve thousand people. Each afternoon the Conference Trade Fair showcased pioneering options and advice including from the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the Dallas regional office. The trade fair was considered highly successful. A 78 yr old Persian Bahá'í made it straight from Iran.[130] The Continental Board was grown to four for North American that year with Velma Sherrill added and again noting some four thousand had attended.[131]

For some 220 attendees we have the level of detail of a name - about 4% of the 4900 estimated to attend the conference outside of the more than eleven thousand likely drawn from the region for the concerts.

Legacy[edit]

A leading mention in the 1973-1976 summary of Bahá'í activities in Bahá'í World v16 was the mention of the June 1973 conference. “The activities of the United States Bahá'í Community… were characterized with by the hugeness, even the spectacular nature, of numerous events…. The size and effect of this even were surprised only by the conference held in August 1974 in St. Louis, designed to be the final stage of the launching of the Five Year Plan.…"[132] The Oklahoma City conference drew 4k.[10]

An audio recording, possibly by Greg Dahl,[117] of the live play was preserved and is available.[133]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Current Bahá'í activities". Bahá'í World. Vol. 7. New York, N. Y.: Bahá’í Publishing Committee. 1939. p. 47. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  2. ↑ "State Teachers Association elects new officers…". The Black Dispatch. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 5 Dec 1919. p. 1. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  3. ↑ * "The gift of life". Oklahoma City Star. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 19 Mar 1937. p. 31. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
    • "They're all good". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 13 Jul 1937. p. 7. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  4. ↑ "Visitor to explain Peace Movement". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 6 Nov 1937. p. 2. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  5. ↑ "Esperanto Society elects new officers". Oklahoma City Advertiser. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 20 Oct 1939. p. 16. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  6. ↑ "Race Unity Lecture". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 29 Oct 1943. p. 5. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  7. ↑ * "TV or not TV…". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 21 Jan 1953. p. 36. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Religious material". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 7 Apr 1972. p. 54. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Oklahoma City Baha'i Center dedicated". Baha'i News. No. 423. Jun 1966. p. 12. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Philip Chritensen; Sherman Waite (Dec 1974). "Out of a handful of dust, part 2: Youth". Baha'i News. No. 525. p. 20. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  11. ↑ "Hand of the Cause sends message to Baha'i youth". Baha'i News. No. 432. Mar 1967. p. 12. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  12. ↑ "Youth Conference generates enthusiasm". Baha'i News. No. 437. Aug 1967. p. 18. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  13. ↑ "Race Amithy Day picnic planned". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 9 Jun 1963. p. 6. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  14. ↑ Universal House of Justice (1996). Geoffry W. Marks (ed.). Messages from the Universal House of Justice, 1963-1986. Wilmette, IL: Baha'i Publishing Trust. p. 61. ISBN 9780877432395. OCLC 35593477.
  15. ↑ "Youth: Time for Action". Baha'i News. No. 455. Feb 1969. p. 10. Retrieved Jul 8, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Workshop planned". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 7 Dec 1969. p. 19. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  17. ↑ "Southern states statistical and goal groups". National Bahá'í Review. No. 23. Nov 1969. p. 3. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  18. ↑ "Calendar". National Bahá'í Review. No. 62. Feb 1973. p. 7. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  19. ↑ "Carter, Paradise, Parson, Reich attend Baha'i Youth Conference". Banner Graphic. Greencastle, Ohio. 13 June 1973. p. 1. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  20. ↑ "Baha'i anniversary reading tomorrow". Press and Sun-Bulletin. Binghamton, New York. 11 Nov 1969. p. 21. Retrieved Jul 4, 2020.
  21. ↑ "Happy New Year". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. 22 Mar 1972. p. 16. Retrieved Jul 4, 2020.
  22. ↑ "Two Karnack sisters to attend conference". The Marshall News Messenger. Marshall, Texas. 15 Jun 1973. p. 16. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  23. ↑ See also * "Marshall Mavericks". MarshallMavericks.net. 2020. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
  24. ↑ "Karnack Cheerleaders". The Marshall News Messenger. Marshall, Texas. 1 Oct 1972. p. 7. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  25. ↑ "Baha'i'(sic) Faith teaches progress in religion". The Marshall News Messenger. Marshall, Texas. 27 Jan 1974. p. 67. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  26. ↑ "Betty Norris named Miss Jabberwock". The Marshall News Messenger. Marshall, Texas. 20 Mar 1974. p. 6. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  27. ↑ "Baha'i youth to national confab". The Press Democrat. Santa Rosa, California. 15 Jun 1973. p. 29. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  28. ↑ * "Harlem Prep Step by Step ~ A Retrospective ~ 1967–1975". Hussein Ahdieh. 2020. Retrieved Jul 3, 2020.
  29. ↑ "Nine Miamians…". The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. 16 Jun 1973. p. 48. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  30. ↑ "Baha'i to attend meeting". The San Bernardino County Sun. San Bernardino, California. 16 Jun 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  31. ↑ "Baha'is of Missoula". The Missoulian. Missoula, Montana. 16 Jun 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  32. ↑ * "Baha'is of Missoula". The Missoulian. Missoula, Montana. 28 Apr 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
    • "Baha'is". The Missoulian. Missoula, Montana. 17 Nov 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  33. ↑ "Four Baha'i's (sic) visit Hawaii". The Missoulian. Missoula, Montana. 17 Aug 1974. p. 4. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  34. ↑ * "Two West Lafayette…". Journal and Courier. Lafayette, Indiana. 16 Jun 1973. p. 8. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  35. ↑ "Baha'i community to mark New Year". Journal and Courier. Lafayette, Indiana. 20 Mar 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jul 4, 2020.
  36. ↑ "World Peace - the first priority". Journal and Courier. Lafayette, Indiana. 16 Sep 1972. p. 6. Retrieved Jul 4, 2020.
  37. ↑ "Youth to attend Baha'i sessions". Nashua Telegraph. Nashua, New Hampshire. 16 Jun 1973. p. 5. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  38. ↑ "Focus on youth -- three to attend Baha (sic) meeting". Greensboro Record. Greensboro, NC. Jun 16, 1973. p. 7. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.(subscription required)
  39. ↑ "Local Baha'is leave to attend conference". Arizona Daily Sun. Flagstaff, Arizona. 18 Jun 1973. p. 5. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  40. ↑ "Four CSM students attend National Baha'i Assembly". The Times. San Mateo, California. 19 Jun 1973. p. 10. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  41. ↑ "Baha'i youth attend meet". Casper Star-Tribune. Casper, Wyoming. 19 Jun 1973. p. 20. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  42. ↑ "Marriage License". Casper Star-Tribune. Casper, Wyoming. 22 Jul 1973. p. 2. Retrieved Jul 4, 2020.
  43. ↑ "Seven to attend Baha'i Parley". Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut. 19 Jun 1973. p. 9. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  44. ↑ * "Baha'i group will trace race history". Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut. 8 Feb 1957. p. 31. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  45. ↑ "Mr. and Mrs. Conrad…". Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut. 16 May 1971. p. 5. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  46. ↑ "Mrs. Patricia Rothman, active as Baha'i, dies". Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut. 22 Jun 1977. p. 21. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  47. ↑ "Baha'is to hold conference". The News Leader. Staunton, Virginia. 19 Jun 1973. p. 3. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  48. ↑ "Dr. Brooks addresses area Baha'i assembly". The News Leader. Staunton, Virginia. 14 Jun 1965. p. 6. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  49. ↑ "Soft-singing duo…". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 19 Jun 1973. p. 61. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  50. ↑ "Seals & Crofts Concert List". SealsandCrofts.com. 2013. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
  51. ↑ "Mrs. Bruner in West Indies". Enterprise-Journal. McComb, Mississippi. 5 Jul 1972. p. 5. Retrieved Jul 4, 2020.
  52. ↑ "Jacksonians to attend BaHa'I' (sic) youth parley". Clarion-Ledger. Jackson, Mississippi. 20 Jun 1973. p. 7. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  53. ↑ "A Bahai (sic) ceremony unites Miss Schorr, Mr. Kubala". The Capital Times. Madison, Wisconsin. 20 Jun 1973. p. 18. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  54. ↑ "7 to attend youth meeting". El Paso Herald-Post. El Paso, Texas. 20 Jun 1973. p. 6. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  55. ↑ "Baha'is slate new classes for children". El Paso Herald-Post. El Paso, Texas. 7 Sep 1974. p. 3. Retrieved Jul 3, 2020.
  56. ↑ "SF pianist to perform at SJC". The Santa Fe New Mexican. Santa Fe, New Mexico. 13 Dec 1970. p. 46. Retrieved Jul 3, 2020.
  57. ↑ "Holy Days to be observed - Baha'is study on Race Unity Day". Las Cruces Sun-News. Las Cruces, New Mexico. 10 Jun 1977. p. 8.
  58. ↑ * "Another free concert set". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 20 Jun 1973. p. 26. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  59. ↑ "Misses Claudia and Alicia Waite…". The Daily Messenger. Canandaigua, New York. 21 Jun 1973. p. 5. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  60. ↑ "Sebastopol Baha'is leave". Sonoma West Times and News. Sebastopol, California. 21 Jun 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  61. ↑ "Local Baha'is at conference". Sonoma West Times and News. Sebastopol, California. 26 Jul 1973. p. 8. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  62. ↑ "Baha'i school at Ives Park". Sonoma West Times and News. Sebastopol, California. 2 Aug 1973. p. 9.
  63. ↑ "Immaturity: fireside topic". Sonoma West Times and News. Sebastopol, California. 4 Oct 1973. p. 11. Retrieved Jul 3, 2020.
  64. ↑ "Baha'is form Local Spiritual Assembly". The Press Democrat. Santa Rosa, California. 28 Apr 1972. p. 17. Retrieved Jul 3, 2020.
  65. ↑ "Kearns couple attend Baha'i meet". West Valley View: The Green Sheet. Salt Lake City, Utah. 21 Jun 1973. p. 6. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  66. ↑ "National Baha'I (sic)". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 22 Jun 1973. p. 27. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  67. ↑ "Baha'is attend youth meet at Oklahoma City". The Amarillo Globe-Times. Amarillo, Texas. 22 Jun 1973. p. 19. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  68. ↑ "Baha'i Faith". Mason Valley News. Yerington, Nevada. 22 Jun 1973. p. 14. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  69. ↑ Don Metivier (18 Jun 1973). "Seals and Crofts open SPAC season". The Post-Star. Glens Falls, New York. p. 14. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  70. ↑ "All 22,000 free tickets to Seals & Crofts Concerts this weekend gone". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 22 Jun 1973. p. 17. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  71. ↑ "Baha'i Concert" (PDF). Triton Times. University of California, San Diego. Jan 12, 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
  72. ↑ "4 attending Baha'sconfab(sic) in Oklahoma". Progress Bulletin. Pomona, California. 23 Jun 1973. p. 9. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  73. ↑ "Attend youth conference". The Reporter. Akron, Ohio. Jun 23, 1973. p. 10. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
  74. ↑ "Tusconans attend Baha'i conference". Arizona Daily Star. Tucson, Arizona. 23 Jun 1973. p. 19. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  75. ↑ "Baha'is mark Human Rights Day, hear of Pioneers' work in Kenya". Petaluma Argus-Courier. Petaluma, California. 28 Dec 1974. p. 3. Retrieved Jul 3, 2020.
  76. ↑ "Bahai's (sic) to hold open meeting". Tucson Citizen. Tucson, Arizona. 19 Sep 1973. p. 31. Retrieved Jul 3, 2020.
  77. ↑ "Tusconians elected by Baha'i". Tucson Citizen. Tucson, Arizona. 28 Apr 1973. p. 6. Retrieved Jul 3, 2020.
  78. ↑ "Ted Karres…". The Times. San Mateo, California. 23 Jun 1973. p. 8. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  79. ↑ "At Convention". The Daily Reporter. Greenfield, Indiana. 23 Jun 1973. p. 6. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  80. ↑ "Baha'i conference". The Charlotte News. Charlotte, North Carolina. 23 Jun 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  81. ↑ Mary Estes (15 May 1971). "Baha'i community gthers for simple garden wedding". The Charlotte News. Charlotte, North Carolina. p. 12. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
  82. ↑ "Baha'i Faith". The Desert Sun. Palm Springs, California. 23 Jun 1973. p. 24. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  83. ↑ "Attending Baha'i conference". The Kokomo Tribune. Kokomo, Indiana. 23 Jun 1973. p. 5. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  84. ↑ "City firemen blame blazes on fireworks". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 24 Jun 1973. p. 25. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  85. ↑ "National Baha'I…". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 24 Jun 1973. p. 25. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  86. ↑ "Baha'is attend national youth conference". Cicero Life. Cicero, Illinois. 24 Jun 1973. p. 25. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  87. ↑ * "Baha'i Faith". Berwyn Life. Berwyn, Illinois. 18 Jan 1974. p. 4. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
  88. ↑ * "Baha'i supports emphasize oneness of human race". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 24 Jun 1973. p. 6. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  89. ↑ "The Van De Loos attend Baha'i youth event". The Sheboygan Press. Sheboygan, Wisconsin. 28 Jun 1973. p. 15. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  90. ↑ Piff, David Michael (2000). Bahá'í Lore. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. pp. 135, 376, 578. ISBN 9780853984412. OCLC 50808957.
  91. ↑ "Baha'i youths join conference". The Times. Shreveport, Louisiana. 27 Jun 1973. p. 31. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  92. ↑ * "Baha'i Faith". The Town Talk. Alexandria, Louisiana. 22 Oct 1960. p. 12. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
  93. ↑ "Smith-Jacobs". The Times. Shreveport, Louisiana. 12 Aug 1977. p. 5. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
  94. ↑ "4 attend Bahai (sic) meet". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. 27 Jun 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  95. ↑ "Baha'is to celebrate Martyrdom of the Bab". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. 8 Jul 1973. p. 62. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  96. ↑ "Our Youth". Xenia Daily Gazette. Xenia, Ohio. 30 Jun 1973. p. 5. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  97. ↑ "Three back following conference". Xenia Daily Gazette. Xenia, Ohio. 5 Sep 1974. p. 15. Retrieved Jul 8, 2020.
  98. ↑ * "Baha'i holiday to be observed". Xenia Daily Gazette. Xenia, Ohio. 20 Mar 1973. p. 13. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
    • "A public program…". Xenia Daily Gazette. Xenia, Ohio. 24 Mar 1973. p. 6. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
    • "Friday…". Xenia Daily Gazette. Xenia, Ohio. 18 Apr 1973. p. 3. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
    • "What's news". Xenia Daily Gazette. Xenia, Ohio. 13 Feb 1974. p. 6. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
  99. ↑ "Baha'is attend confab". Nevada State Journal. Reno, Nevada. 30 Jun 1973. p. 4. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  100. ↑ "Baha'i puppet show". Reno Gazette-Journal. Reno, Nevada. 6 Sep 1972. p. 12. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
  101. ↑ "Baha'i New Year celebration planned March 21 in Reno". Reno Gazette-Journal. Reno, Nevada. 16 Mar 1972. p. 17. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
  102. ↑ "New World-ers set Fernley date". Reno Gazette-Journal. Reno, Nevada. 6 Dec 1973. p. 10. Retrieved Jul 5, 2020.
  103. ↑ "Baha'i youth meet features concert". Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph. Colorado Springs, Colorado. 30 Jun 1973. p. 29. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  104. ↑ "Bonahoom topic: 'Breaking the Barriers' for Baha'is". Alamogordo Daily News. Alamogordo, New Mexico. 22 Jan 1971. p. 6. Retrieved Jul 6, 2020.
  105. ↑ "Area Baha'i youth attend conference". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. 30 Jun 1973. p. 5. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  106. ↑ Judy Hiersemann (22 Mar 1969). "Baha'i Faith New Year". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. p. 3. Retrieved Jul 7, 2020.
  107. ↑ * "Musical group to sing here". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. 4 May 1978. p. 57. Retrieved Jul 7, 2020.
  108. ↑ * "Local persons at Green Lake Baha'i meeting". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. 9 Oct 1971. p. 7. Retrieved Jul 7, 2020.
  109. ↑ "Baha'i members plan attendance at conference". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Green Bay, Wisconsin. 24 Aug 1974. p. 6. Retrieved Jul 7, 2020.
  110. ↑ William Sears; Marguerite Sears (1990). "Maravillosa". Tokoloshe!: I married eleven Dachshunds!. Hawaii: National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the Hawaiian Islands. pp. 85–6. ISBN 9780962359606. OCLC 25669340.
  111. ↑ 111.0 111.1 "Local Baha'is at Youth Conference". The Brattleboro Reformer. Brattleboro, Vermont. 30 Jun 1973. p. 3. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 "Local Baha'is to attend Nat'l Youth Conference". Chippewa Herald-Telegram. Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. 4 May 1973. p. 6. Retrieved Jul 9, 2020.
  113. ↑ * "'Baha'i memories' topic this afternoon". The Brattleboro Reformer. Brattleboro, Vermont. 29 Mar 1975. p. 3. Retrieved Jul 7, 2020.
  114. ↑ "Baha'is begin celebration". The Brattleboro Reformer. Brattleboro, Vermont. 21 Apr 1973. p. 3. Retrieved Jul 8, 2020.
  115. ↑ "Baha'i community re-forms". The Brattleboro Reformer. Brattleboro, Vermont. 16 Dec 1978. p. 3. Retrieved Jul 8, 2020.
  116. ↑ "Mimi McCellan's Greatest Hits". Maggie McClellan. 2016. Retrieved Jul 9, 2020.
  117. ↑ 117.0 117.1 117.2 117.3 117.4 117.5 117.6 Mimi McClellan; Maggie McClellan (June 21, 2016). The Education of Henry Halifax - Digital Booklet. www.mcclellanmusic.org. pp. 1, 5, 7–12, 14, and of the play itself see pp21, 24.
  118. ↑ See also * "SPC National Servere Weather Database Browser for June 18-19, 1973". SPC.NOAA.gov. 2020. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
  119. ↑ Christopher M. Fuhrmann; Charles E. Konrad, II; Margaret M. Kovach; Jordan T. McLeod; William G. Schmitz; P. Grady Dixon (2014). "Ranking of Tornado Outbreaks across the United States and Their Climatological Characteristics". Wea. Forecasting. 29 (3): 684–701. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-13-00128.1. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
  120. ↑ John Acord III (8 Jul 1973). "That's how Mexican artist defines a portrait: a landscape of feelings". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. p. 148. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  121. ↑ "8 return from Baha'i conference". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, Vermont. 10 Jul 1973. p. 1. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  122. ↑ * "Meetings planned on Baha'i Faith". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, Vermont. 29 Jun 1964. p. 7. Retrieved Jul 9, 2020.
  123. ↑ "Chippewa youth attend national Baha'i conference". Chippewa Herald-Telegram. Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. 25 Jul 1973. p. 7. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  124. ↑ "Baha'is meeting to make 5-year plan". Chippewa Herald-Telegram. Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. 28 Aug 1974. p. 6. Retrieved Jul 9, 2020.
  125. ↑ "City Baha'is attend youth conference". Chippewa Herald-Telegram. Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. 7 Jul 1975. p. 8. Retrieved Jul 9, 2020.
  126. ↑ Lynn Markovich Bryant (2003). "I'm Black and I'm Proud," Wished the White Girl: The Autobiography of Lynn Markovich Bryant. iUniverse. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-595-27466-6.
  127. ↑ "(Index of mentions of Native Americans in) The American Bahá'í (1970 - present)" (PDF). Wilmette Institute. Aug 24, 2016. p. 8. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
  128. ↑ "Seattle's Bahá'í History". SeattleBahais.org. 2007. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
  129. ↑ "Terry Randolph 傅 懷 哲 Fù Huái Zhé Chinese Name (Taiwan)". ObeisanceBaha.org. 2020. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
  130. ↑ "Meeting largest ever in America". Baha'i News. No. 509. Aug 1973. p. 17. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  131. ↑ National Assembly by Glenford E. Mitchell (Aug 1973). "Goals for interim year set" (PDF). National Bahá'í Review. No. 68. p. 1. Retrieved Jun 15, 2020.
  132. ↑ "International survey of Bahá'í activities; The United States,". Bahá'í World. An International Record. Vol. 16. Haifa, Israel: The Universal House of Justice. 1978. p. 203. ISBN 0-85398-075-6.
  133. ↑ "Mimi McClellan - The Education of Henry Halifax". 9StarMedia.com. 2020. Retrieved Jul 2, 2020.
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