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Robert Durr

Born and raise[edit]

Draft registration. Born July 14, 1899, in 1919, living with Maycee Simpson as a student in Braxton, MS, of the Ping/Piny Woods Institute/Piney Woods Institute[1] —> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braxton,_Mississippi -> https://townofbraxton.com/about/ —> https://pineywoods.org/about/#midle%7C2


1920 Census Robert living amidst the extended Durr family in Simpson County, MS, son of Wilson and Maggie Durr. Robert was a teacher at the Common School.[2]

Beginning Editor[edit]

Durr staff, article for The Bystander in Des Moines, and practicing minister (Bystander archive is 1894–1921)[3] Durr, story of coming from Piney Woods School[4] staff of The Bystander[5] Talk for AME[6] conference[7] articles…[8] trip to Buxton[9]

Durr a founding officer of Business Men's League[10] article on protecting freedoms[11]

Durr an editor[12] tour of Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin,south in Mississippi, Tennessee, Apr-June, 1921.[13]

Durr describes the pledge his mother made of funding his education after his father had refused to do so as his most important thrilling moment.[14]

Transition[edit]

Durr and wife jailed. Southern Register of Jackson MS, a company and a school. He had delayed on shipping groceries until there was a larger group of customers and there was a complaint and while he was away his wife was arrested and eventually turned himself in. They had been in jail some months when newspaper coverage began.[15] Robert Durr was formerly of The Bystander of Des Moines, and founder/editor of The Southern Register of Jackson MS, and The Negro Capital, businessman and teacher, and secretary of the Negro Business League of Des Moines, IA.[16]

Son Robert Jr born Dec 23, 1925, of Robert and Olivia Lafton/Lofton in Birmingham, MS.[17]

Durr reported as new editor of The Christian Reformer for the Independent ME and ME Zion churches of Birmingham, AL.[18]


Durr reported as president of the General Cooperative Society of Birmingham AL working on all kinds of business entrepreneurship for African Americans.[19]

Durr founds nondenominational Truth Church on Eighth Ave N, promoting "fulfilling human needs physically, politically and educationally as well as spiritually.” and associated with the Social Service Institute also on Eighth Ave N.[20]

Truth Church Institute proving legal aid centers in cooperation with Good Will Industrial Relief Center.[21]

Editor of The Birmingham World[edit]

He was of The Birmingham World circa 1933.[22]

Durr mentioned with The Weekly Review speaks to Dallas County teachers in AL.[23]

Durr mentioned among speakers at National Negro Achievement Week events by the Omega Psi Phi association[24]

Durr mentioned among speakers at New Year Emancipation program in Birmingham.[25]

Durr presented silver cup of appreciation of Birmingham ministers to Rev J C Cunningham of Macedonia Baptist Church.[26] Durr did the same thing in Prat IA for Rev J T Shirley of First Baptist Church.[27] Durr donated to Dave Evans White Negros Boys Home by the Boys Club for fundraising at July 4th event.[28] Durrs hosted wedding shower of Charles & Mrs Askew at home in Titusville.[29] Durr appointed an assistant to Dr Walter Brown on Community Chest, predecessor of United Way.[30] Durr joined in founding of Troy AL Civic League.[31] Durr was among many visitors of the Chicago Defender branch office in Birmingham.[32]

Durr as Rev of AME Greater Mixon Tabernacle Church suggested a plan of reforming the AME plans - consolidate all AME colleges into two, make one newspaper from the three of the AME, reduce the number of elders to circulate among four churches per quarter and have time to initiatives without taking on debt, kick out politicians and detach from lukewarm associations, and to stop being an employment agency for ministers to have their means provided and seek independent means.[33]

With Weekly Review.[34]

Durr leads race segregated Community Chest division.[35]

Mrs Durr assists at PTA of Tuggle School.[36] Durr preaches at Mixon Temple memorial for Malachi Wilkerson, teacher at Parker HS.[37]

AME minister[38]

Durr was secretary of Better Business Builders and presented Miss Birmingham Queen for 1939.[39]

Durr among committee that dedicated the Sixth Ave Baptist Church to Mary E. Strong businesswoman.[40]

daughter Carldine born 23 Jan 1940 in Birmingham, AL.(immediately below noted as son Carl Dean)[41]

Durr joins Tuskegee committee to arrange a Negro Boy Camp.[42] Durr joins in Tuggle School program in Enon Ridge.[43]

1940 Census. Durr household on 12th Avenue North, Birmingham, there by 1935, listed as a newspaper journalist. Durr was born around 1899 in Mississippi. His wife was Olivia(9 yrs younger, born circa 1908), and children 6 children: Robert Jr (14, born circa 1926), Gloria (10, born circa 1930), Joyce (7, born circa 1933,) Delight (5, born circa 1935,) Carver (2, born circa 1938), Carl (2 months old, born 1940) and living with Robert’s sister, Elloverture, (20 yrs younger than Robert, born circa 1920).[44]

Durr usher at society wedding.[45]

Minister Durr talk at Tuskegee on “Religion of Tomorrow"[46]

Mary Bethune speaks at Birmingham exhibition of the 1939 Negro Exposition of Progress.[47] Durr chairs executive board bringing the 1939 Negro Exposition of Progress brought from Chicago to Birmingham opened Nov 17.[48] 5000 attended[49]

Durr article on Mary McLeod Bethune[50]

Covers Baptists conference[51]

Radio program reprinted.[52]

Durr was one of 28 newspaper editors advising the National Negro Newspaper Week commemorating 115th anniversary of black newspapers.[53] Durr part of Tuskegee chapter fair in Birmingham.[54] Durr part of reception for USO in Anniston.[55]

Mrs Durr and children back from attending to mother.[56]

Named editor of the Religious Freedom Journal of the Council of Community Church of America.[57]

Durr visits Washington DC and Durham NC.[58]

The Bahá'ís[edit]

Durr editorial inc comments on Cox article, after eulogizing Washington Carver. (see p5) "I agree with Alice S. Cox of the Race Unity Committee of the National Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States and Canada who says: "We feel that the rapid course of events thoughout the world at the present time will weld and fuse the races of mankind. Common suffering, common service, common hopes, will bring us all together…." It is our feeling that even though some men are not able to keep pace with time, that certain things are ordained to happen at certain times and that no matter what we do those things will just happen and by and large because of the diversity of people in the United States we will in the long run be able to somehow stand the storm of life, because we will not only conceive of the importance of loving our brothers as ourselves, but that our survival depends on our ability to love our brothers more tha ourselves.…"[59]

review of Alice Simmons Cox Baha'i article by Robert Durr, profile of Baha’is through Baha’u’llah and the New Era[60]

Durr part of conference on black journalism[61]

Durr responds to sessions of Biennial Council of Community Churches[62]

returns to the principles of the Baha’i Faith and says: "This to my mind is at least an ideal toward which the best should strive - an ideal toward which the best MUST strive or die. I use the word MUST because the move toward that which is better can not be permenently arresteed. when the time comes for a change for the better to be made it is like the sun shining on a seed in the Spring 0 the seed must SPROUT or ROT.…” and then quotes from the Guardian: ""The unity of the human race, as envisaged by Baha'u'llah, implies the establishment of a world commonwealth in which all nations, races, creeds and classes are closely and permenently united, and in which the autonomy of its state members and the personal freedom and initiative of the individuals that compose them are definitely and completely safeguarded.…"[63]

Durr returned from Chicago where he was a delegate to the National Council of Community churches along with five others.[64]

Durr spoke at HS graduation exercises[65]

Durr speaks of a past in Chicago he had attended during which he had the chance to visit the Baha'i exhibit of the Baha'i Temple at the Slossfield Center.[66][67]

Durr reviews and extensively quotes Abdu'l-Baha on "the reality of man is his thought…"[68]

Baha'is going to national convention inc Dyers, Ingliss, Durr, Brown, Howard, Fettig, & the delegate, Gertrude Gerwertz.[69] visited son in Chicago while there[70]

Durr talks were being scheduled in Georgia, Tennessee and Mississippi for Durr in December by Baha'is.[71]

Durr was secretary of the Alabama state Baha'i convention committee.[72]

Durr reviews world issues of ideology with Nazism, Fascism, and Communism and how they limit who is to improve and benefit and the need to be universal in our raising up humanity "The society posited by Christ and the Bahai teachings of this day is the answer - for the right future."[73]

John Inglis gave a talk at the Baha'i Center officiated by Mrs Durr with Martha Fettig the reporter.[74]

Durr attended Press Association meeting[75]

Durr among speakers at Atlanta public meeting Jan 13, 1946.[76]

Wrote article [77]

Durr speaks at Jackson College with Joy Hill Earl[78] and then went on to Tougalo College[79] Followup in New Orleans LA and Jackson MS.[80] In May Durr visited New Orleans[81]

Mrs Durr among 11 wives of newspaper publishers at NAACP reception.[82]

Sends letter to editor of Atlanta newspaper suggesting to raise money for reward for information on a lynching, 10x what the governor proposed.[83]

A quoted article presents ‘Abdu’l-Baha excerpted from: ???[84]

Durr was secretary of the Alabama state Baha'i convention committee.[85]

Durr article partially quoted upon visiting Lillian Smith in World Order Jan 1947.[86]

Philip Marangella & Robert Durr Talk at New Orleans YWCA on Gravier St. and then later at the St. Charles Hotel.[87]

Durr & The Weekly Review hosts an Alabama Press Association meeting to gather a memorandum on the needs of African Americans “as human beings” for governor-elect James E. Folsom, open to allowing white members to join, while the governor is seeking a Commission on Minority Affairs.[88] Durr was part of a conference that proposed making the KKK illegal and raising a fair employment commission. The conference had met in January.[89]

Durr writes of speaking before an integrated audience an evening in Atlanta and hearing of negative legislation initiatives on race and apologized for the election of Gene Talmadge for governor and his initiatives.[90]

Durr co-represented Governor James Folsom of Alabama along with Mrs Gaillard at the National Freedom Day commemoration of the adoption of the 13th Amendment, and reported on the name.[91]

Durr estimates he may have lost the opportunity of earning some $100,000 over 15 yrs in his efforts to sustain minority development and emancipation. Overall he gives examples of the progress of a people who rally in support of people who fight such oppressions and the lists notables who have died in this effort - Lincoln, Jesus, Bahauallah, and Monroe Trotter.[92]

Awarded[edit]

Durr received Wendell Willkie Honorary Mention Award for Negro Journalist from President Truman in February 1947.[93]

Durr writes of dropping race from names of organizations to avoid making a virtue a vice. He came upon this idea while hearing speakers in Philadelphia, Birmingham, and New Orleans which were “Negro speeches for Negroes” and then at the Freedom Day Celebration in Philadelphia which contrasted talks by elders, as above, vs youth that didn’t. He then the cause of “making ourselves finer human beings - not finer Negroes nor Caucasians” is the point.[94]

Durr coming back to Jackson[95]

Robert Durr, The Negro Press: Its Character/ Development and Function.[96]

Durr Reports On Requirement Of Black Jurors, Briefly Mentions Baha'is Among Religions[97]

It is entirely a quote of O. O. Emmerich of The Enterprise-Journal of McComb MS. The writer takes on a variety of issues related to race and the South.[98]

Durr addresses the beginning of the decay of the separate-but-equal segregated educational system at the Supreme Court and that it is bad for whites as well as blacks as well as the actual positive benefits of being educated together and that that problems also exist in the training of teachers. Durr makes a passing remark of the unfortunate results of the segregated system that tends to raise atheists who then are a danger to the entire system of civilization.[99] Letter to the Editor of Chicago Defender reviews Feb 14 article of Durr’s, extracting points including some atheists have done better than religious leaders, a point not made in Durr’s letter.[100] The case being addressed by the Supreme Court was https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipuel_v._Board_of_Regents_of_the_University_of_Oklahoma from January 1948. This was followed two years later by in Sweatt v. Painter and was one of various cases seeking to end the unjust practice.

Durr’s column looks at land development covenants that force segregation and the revolution that would be though it extends to the banking industry and access to capital, but then gives an example of a successful development bank and then another. The prospects of a lot more bank business if the court rules in favor of access is mentioned.[101] The case being addressed by the Supreme Court was https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelley_v._Kraemer from January into May 1948.

Durr addresses the Southern practices that deaden life, a kind of lynching of black humanity, while on the other hand a federal anti-lynching law is being worked on and being supported by a rejuvenated black church and that there is a broader South that supports such reforms. There are many “Souths” but, “And there is a great body of enlightened whites and blacks in the South who have lost their fear of benighted bigots and who without speech making are going forward to get done what ought be done, and at the same time, making preparation to live together as human beings and American when the day of racists aer over and we shall see emerging in the South a truly New South inhabited by a people - white and black - freed from the shackles of political gangsters, fear of things which don’t convince the world that progress can be made exist, and the spectacle of a region trying to by standing still or marching backward.” And he equates the Soviet threat to be equal to the racist threat. Then “Posited in the teachings of one Baha’u’llah of Persia who founded the Babai’s(sic) Faith about 104 years ago, one will find the answer to the problems which perplex mankind today."[102]

Durr addresses Britain and its racists systems leaving India to its independence. He then recognizes the UN and its Security Council being limited by its membership and vetoing and lack of police force. Then he observes the Palestinian question and the problem of exploitation, the generalized version of this being one that could plunge the world into the next world war, and the need for us to live with each other. “In the family, the nation(s-ed) of the world, there can be no just security unless unity can be established on the basis of all involved, yielding sufficient sovereignty for an over-all government which it is ever recognized that mankind is one, and that to deal with world problems otherwise makes for division, war and decay."[103]

World Order[edit]

Named on editorial board of World Order[104] served through Mar 1949[105]

Durr Reports On World Order Article By Gertrude Schurgast[106]

Durr column reviews Baha'i Faith in Haifa and Shoghi Effendi and quotes from "A Pattern for Future Society".[107]

article [108]

Durr editorial quoted.[109]

Daughter Gloria Durr, listed as a Baha'i, was among the debutantes profiled.[110]

Durr on World Order editorial committee[111]

A brief report details the improvements happening inside the Baha'i Temple now that the superstructure is done.[112]

Durr Reports On Jim Crow Experience[113]

1950 Census[114]

editorial[115]

Member of the Alabama Area Teaching Committee 1951-1952.[116]

Myra Bryant talk on radio WEDR, Robert Durr on WBCO[117]

Durr Urged To Go To Africa By Guardian[118] National Archives was seeking letters on behalf of the Guardian included those received by Robert Durr.[119]

article[120]

article[121]

article[122]

article[123]

Baha'is hold World Religion Day; John Inglis, Robert Durr talk[124]

Died[edit]

Durr noted died Mar 13, 1954[125]

Memorials[edit]

Memorials & obituaries[126] Nine children. Died March 13 after eight days in the Jefferson-Hillman Hospital involving a paralysis of the throat. He was born July 14, in Magee, MS and came to Birmingham in the early 1930s during the Great Depression and first worked at the Birmingham World newspaper and published the Weekly Review since about 1934. Durr was the son of Wilson and Magee Durr and married Olivia Lofton in 1925 in Pinola, MS. He graduated from Piney Woods Institute, Piney Woods MS, in 1917. He won a Wendell Wilkie Award in 1946, named an editor of the Baha'i World Order magazine and authored articles "Our Basic Social Task", "The Negro Press, It's development and function" and represented Alabama Governor James Folsom at the National Freedom Day in 1946 and 1948, was a member of the regional chapter of the NAACP, nine years chair of the Community Chest council, president of the United Scholarship Fund, a founded the Alabama Newspaper Association. Along the way he had been ordained as an AME Minister and then joined the Baha'i Faith. Survivors include: wife Olivia Durr, Robert Durr Jr, Carver Bethune Durr, Eric Dur, Glora Durr Samuels, Joyce Durr, Delight Durr, CalrDean Durr, Rita Durr, Paula Durr.[127]

gravesite[128]

Commentary:[129]

[130]


Daughter/GDaughter Mary E. Attended Piney School[131]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KZZ1-5FZ Robert Driscoll Durr Military • United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918(registration required)
  2. ↑ https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MNTF-HZC Robert Durr Census • United States Census, 1920(registration required)
  3. ↑ * https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr-o/139012886/ Clarinda Items, by Robert D. Durr, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Fri, May 7, 1920 Page 1
  4. ↑ *https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr/139013093/ From the Woodpile to Head Printer of the future great Bystander, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Fri, Jul 2, 1920 Page 2
  5. ↑ * https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr-o/139013168/ Burlington Notes, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Fri, Jul 9, 1920 Page 4
  6. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-laterr-bahai-robert-durr/139013235/ Club Notes; The Purity League…, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Thu, Sep 2, 1920 Page 2
  7. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr-i/139013409/ Great convention at Savery - Ft. Des Moines Hotels, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Thu, Oct 7, 1920 Page 2
  8. ↑ * https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr-a/139011138/ Noted Negro orators disagree as to what they Negro has lost in Africa, by Robert D. Durr, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Thu, Oct 14, 1920 Page 4
  9. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr/139011224/ Under the lights at Buxton, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Thu, Jan 13, 1921 Page 1
  10. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr-a/139011315/ Dr. Griffin heads Business Men's League, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Thu, Feb 17, 1921 Page 1
  11. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr-a/139013502/ The Way It Appear to Me, by Robert Durr, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Thu, Apr 7, 1921 Page 2
  12. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr-a/139011373/ The Bystander, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Thu, Apr 28, 1921 Page 2
  13. ↑ * https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bystander-later-bahai-robert-durr-t/139011431/ Special Notice to subscribers in towns named below, The Bystander Des Moines, Iowa • Thu, Apr 28, 1921 Page 4
  14. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/des-moines-tribune-later-bahai-robert-d/139011638/ Thrilling moments in some readers' lives, Des Moines Tribune Des Moines, Iowa • Wed, Aug 24, 1921 Page 8
  15. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/des-moines-tribune/123303533/ Former local negro editor held in jail, Des Moines Tribune Des Moines, Iowa • Sat, Aug 15, 1925 Page 1
  16. ↑ * Editor's Son May Be Born In Mississippi Jail: Robert Durr And Wife Held Four Months Or Charge Of Fradulent Use Of Mails, The Afro-American, Baltimore, Md.. 15 Aug 1925, pA8.
  17. ↑ https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6K79-C17B Robert Driscol Durr, Jr Social Program Document • United States, Social Security Numerical Identification Files (NUMIDENT), 1936-2007(registration required)
  18. ↑ Independent M. E. Headquarters Open, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 28 Sep 1929, p2
  19. ↑ Race Group in Move to Start Producing, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 03 May 1930, p9
  20. ↑ Church to Establish Branches; Aids Poor, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 27 Dec 1930, p2
  21. ↑ Truth Church to Give Legal Aid - To Open Aid Centers in Large Cities, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 16 May 1931, p4
  22. ↑ * https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020097/1933-08-21/ed-1/seq-2/print/image_681x654_from_0%2C2514_to_1124%2C3594/ Hundreds signs Roosevelt Petition, The Daily Worker, Chicago, IL, August 21, 1933, Page Two
  23. ↑ ALABAMA NEWS - BIRMINGHAM, ALA., by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 14 Sep 1935, p19
  24. ↑ ALABAMA STATE NEWS - BIRMINGHAM, ALA., by LAMBERT, KATHEHRINE KENT.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 16 Nov 1935, p18
  25. ↑ ALABAMA STATE NEWS - BIRMINGHAM, ALA., by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 04 Jan 1936, p20
  26. ↑ ALABAMA STATE NEWS - BIRMINGHAM, ALA., by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 29 Feb 1936, p17
  27. ↑ IOWA STATE NEWS - PRAT CITY, by Juran, Johnnie.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 18 Apr 1936, p22
  28. ↑ ALABAMA STATE NEWS - BIRMINGHAM, ALA, by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 11 July 1936, p22
  29. ↑ ALABAMA STATE NEWS - BIRMINGHAM by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL,19 Sep 1936, p10
  30. ↑ What's Happening In BIRMINGHAM, ALA., by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL,24 Oct 1936, p11
  31. ↑ ALABAMA STATE NEWS - What's Happening In BIRMINGHAM, ALA., by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL,18 Dec 1937, p23
  32. ↑ PORO HAPPENINGS, by Lewis, Cary B.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 02 July 1938, p15
  33. ↑ Offers Three-Point Plan For Growth Of A.M.E.'s, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 20 May 1939, p22
  34. ↑ * https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn93062828/1939-06-03/ed-1/seq-3/print/image_681x648_from_3534%2C326_to_5289%2C1997/ Birmingham editor has plan for AME's, The Omaha guide. [volume] (Omaha, Neb.) 1927-19??, June 03, 1939, City Edition, Page 3
  35. ↑ Set Up Community Chest Race Unit, The Chicago Defender (National edition),Chicago, IL, 29 July 1939, p7
  36. ↑ BIRMINGHAM, by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 04 Nov 1939, p10
  37. ↑ BIRMINGHAM NEWS, by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL,18 Nov 1939, p10
  38. ↑ https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn96060866/1939-12-09/ed-1/seq-8/print/image_681x648_from_5174%2C2512_to_7214%2C4455/ Coordinator, The Phoenix index. (Phoenix, Ariz.) 193?-19??, December 09, 1939, Page EIGHT
  39. ↑ BIRMINGHAM NEWS, by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 23 Dec 1939, p10
  40. ↑ Birmingham, by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, Il, 13 Jan 1940, p10
  41. ↑ https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6K77-RY1R Carldine Durr Smith Social Program Document • United States, Social Security Numerical Identification Files (NUMIDENT), 1936-2007(registration required)
  42. ↑ Birmingham, by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL,17 Feb 1940, p11
  43. ↑ Birmingham - MRS. KATHERINE KENT LAMBERT 1720-A, N. Fourth Avenue, by Lambert, Katherine Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 09 Mar 1940, p11
  44. ↑ https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V15K-1BC Robert Durr Census • United States Census, 1940(registration required)
  45. ↑ Mabel Louise Barker Is Bride Of E.H. Murphy -Church Ceremony Is Beautiful Affair, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 22 June 1940, p18
  46. ↑ * https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-birmingham-news-bahai-robert-durr-t/139011955/ Tuskegee talk arranged, The Birmingham News Birmingham, Alabama • Fri, Oct 18, 1940 Page 14
  47. ↑ https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024234/1940-11-29/ed-1/seq-1/print/image_670x817_from_0%2C3740_to_3803%2C8371/ Dr. Mary Bethune delivers keynote address at opening of Negro Exposition of progress in Birmingham, by Robert Durr, The Dayton Forum, (Dayton, Ohio), November 29, 1940, p 1
  48. ↑ EXPOSITION OPENS IN BIRMINGHAM NOV. 17 … Closes Dec. 9, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 09 Nov 1940, p6
  49. ↑ 5,000 Attend Opening Of Exposition In Birmingham, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 30 Nov 1940, p?
  50. ↑ * https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-omaha-guide-bahai-robert-durr-artic/139012089/ Negroes of America should add crown of security to school found by Mary McLeod Bethune, by Robert Durr, The Omaha Guide Omaha, Nebraska • Sat, Jan 25, 1941 Page 3
  51. ↑ https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn96060866/1941-02-08/ed-1/seq-3/print/image_681x648_from_2373%2C6413_to_4482%2C8421/ Baptists Okey Newcasts, The Phoenix Index. (Phoenix, Ariz.), February 08, 1941, Page THREE
  52. ↑ https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015409/1941-05-04/ed-1/seq-7/print/image_681x648_from_4836%2C1536_to_8028%2C4576/ Swamp studio for copies of Easter talk, Sunday Chicago Bee, (Chicago, IL, May 04, 1941, Page 7
  53. ↑ To Observe Nat'l Newspaper Week's 115th Anniversary From March 1-7, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 21 Feb 1942, p3
  54. ↑ Birmingham, by MRS. KATHERINE KENT LAMBERT.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 21 Mar 1942, p10
  55. ↑ Birmingham, by MRS. KATHERINE KENT LAMBERT.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 04 Apr 1942, p11
  56. ↑ ALABAMA STATE - Birmingham, by MRS. KATHERINE KENT LAMBERT.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 11 July 1942, p10
  57. ↑ * https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn79000083/1942-09-19/ed-1/seq-4/print/image_681x648_from_5677%2C5031_to_7584%2C6847/ To edit Church Journal, Jackson Advocate, Jackson, Miss., September 19, 1942, Page 4
    • Robert Durr Will Edit National Church Journal, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, Ill.. 12 Sep 1942, p15.
  58. ↑ Birmingham, by MRS. KATHERINE KENT LAMBERT.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 19 Dec 1942, p23
  59. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-bahai-robert-durr-edi/138937373/ Editor's Digest, by Robert Durr, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Jan 9, 1943 Page 1 5
  60. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-review-of-alice-simmon/138936922/ Baha'is offer interesting care for racial disunity - Baha'u'llah and the New Era, by Robert Durr, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Feb 6, 1943 Page 1
  61. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-bahai-robert-durr-par/139012211/ Conference on Negro Press to feature Wilkie, Buck, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Apr 17, 1943 Page 1
  62. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-bahai-robert-durr-res/139012322/ Community Churches in fifteenth Biennial Council August 18-24 at Chicago, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Aug 7, 1943 Page 6
  63. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-profile-of-bahai-fait/138516824/ Editor's Digest, by Robert Durr, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Aug 14, 1943 Page 1 5
  64. ↑ BIRMINGHAM SOCIETY, by MRS. KATHERINE KENT LAMBERT.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 04 Sep 1943, p16
  65. ↑ Pratt City, Ala., Juran, Johnny.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 12 Feb 1944, p17A
  66. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-bahai-temple-profile/138937050/ Western Center of a New World Faith, by Robert Durr, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Mar 4, 1944 Page 1 4
  67. ↑ https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/c047a839-03f3-4bb5-af50-52fd46e00063 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
  68. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-bahais-commented-in-r/138937599/ Editorial; Power in our Thinking, by Robert Durr, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, May 6, 1944 Page 4
  69. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-birmingham-post-bahais-going-to-nat/138937135/ Birmingham Baha'is to attend conclave, The Birmingham Post Birmingham, Alabama • Thu, May 18, 1944 Page 11
  70. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-bahai-robert-durr-vis/138937153/ Editor Robert Durr…, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, May 27, 1944 Page 3
  71. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-tour-of-bahai-robert/138522228/ Editor talks slated for three states, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Nov 25, 1944 Page 1
  72. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:Baha%27i_News_172.pdf&page=15 Membership of State Convention Committees, Baha'i News, n172, Dec 1944, p15
  73. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-robert-durr-editorial/138937718/ Editor's Digest, Facing the Future, by Robert Durr, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Jan 13, 1945 Page 1
  74. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-bahai-john-inglis-tal/138522527/ World Peace talk slated for Sunday, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Mar 10, 1945 Page 1
  75. ↑ BIRMINGHAM NEWS, by The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 05 Jan 1946, p15
    • BIRMINGHAM NEWS, by Lambert, Katheryne Kent.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 16 Mar 1946, p19
  76. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:Baha%27i_News_180.pdf&page=4 National Committees; Public Meetings; Atlanta, Baha'i News, n180, Feb 1946, p4
  77. ↑ https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025247/1946-03-22/ed-1/seq-3/print/image_681x648_from_829%2C4160_to_3988%2C7168/ South Speaks, by Robert Durr, Minneapolis Spokesman, Minneapolis, Minn, March 22, 1946, p3
  78. ↑ https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/bahais-robert-durr-joy-hill-earl-talks-profiles/kxdfyohxgzxicmetgeevrofrsoqbfuwz_ip-10-166-46-121_1705501558665 Robert Durr, Birmingham Editor, to speak at Jackson College Sunday, Jackson Advocate, Jackson, Mississippi Mar, 23 1946 - Page 2
  79. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/jackson-advocate-bahai-robert-burr-talk/122865133/ Up and Down Farish Street, by Percy Greene, Jackson Advocate Jackson, Mississippi • Sat, Mar 30, 1946 Page 3
  80. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:Baha%27i_News_183.pdf&page=4 North American Teaching; National Campaign, Baha'i News, n183, May 1945, p4
  81. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:Baha%27i_News_185.pdf&page=4 National Committees; North American Teaching, Baha'i News, n185, Jul 1946, p4
  82. ↑ NAACP Party Honors Publishers' Wives, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 06 July 1946, p18
  83. ↑ Letter To The Editor: WANTS ESTABLISHMENT OF $200,000 REWARD, by Durr, Robert, Atlanta Daily World (1932-); Atlanta, Ga.. 31 July 1946: 6.
  84. ↑ https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn79000083/1946-09-07/ed-1/seq-7/ Truths for a New Day, by ‘Abdu’l-Baha, Jackson advocate. [volume], September 07, 1946, Page 7
  85. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:Baha%27i_News_190.pdf&page=8 State and Province elections - election committees, Baha'i News, n190, Dec 1946, p8
  86. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:World_Order_Vol12_Issue10.pdf&page=34 With Our Readers, World Order, v12n10, Jan 1947, p320
  87. ↑ https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/bahais-philip-marangella-robert-durr-talk/nvwagluiowvpfwwluhkorkmeismqbfxh_ip-10-166-46-169_1705501734283 Race Amity Program, New Orleans States New Orleans, Louisiana Jan, 25 1947 - Page 3
  88. ↑ Speaking Out - From The New South To Draft Plan, by Durr, Robert.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 11 Jan 1947, p14
  89. ↑ Asks Alabama Outlaw Klan, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 29 Mar 1947, p8
  90. ↑ Speaking Out - From The New South Power Behind Talmadge, by Durr, Robert.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 08 Feb 1947, p14
  91. ↑ * Speaking Out - From The New South Freedom Day, by Durr, Robert.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 15 Feb 1947, p14
  92. ↑ Speaking Out - From The New South Appreciation Sign Of Growth, by Durr, Robert.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 22 Feb 1947, p14
  93. ↑ * Photo Standalone 7 — President Harry S. Truman with…, The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 08 Mar 1947, p3
  94. ↑ Speaking Out -From The New South Drop That Ebony, Brother!, by Durr, Robert.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 01 Mar 1947, p14
  95. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-mississippi-enterprise-bahai-mr-dur/122865846/ Baha'i leader at Jackson College Sunday, by Mrs Bishop Brown, The Mississippi Enterprise Jackson, Mississippi • Sat, Mar 29, 1947 Page 1
  96. ↑ Robert Durr, The Negro Press: Its Character/ Development and Function (Jackson: Mississippi Division, Southern Regional Council, 1947), oclc 5653332
  97. ↑ https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/bahai-robert-durr-reports-requirement-black-jurors-briefly-mentions-bahais-among-religions/hhexablvwgojvfkhrhccedwatgifyddv_ip-10-166-46-77_1705502672360 A Voice Cries in the South, by Robert Durr, Omaha Star Omaha, Nebraska Dec, 31 1947 - Page 16
  98. ↑ * Speaking Out: From The New South A MISSISSIPPI EDITOR SPEAKS OUT, by Durr, Robert,  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, Ill.. 07 Feb 1948, p14.
    • A Mississippi Editor Speaks, by Durr, Robert, Cleveland Call and Post (1934-1962); Cleveland, Oh.. 28 Feb 1948, p4B.
  99. ↑ * Speaking Out - From The New South EDUCATION TOGETHER, by Durr, Robert.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 14 Feb 1948, p14
  100. ↑ JIM CROW SCHOOLS, by Collins, Louis W.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 07 Mar 1948, p14
  101. ↑ * Speaking Out - From The New South BUSINESS LEADERSHIP NEEDED FOR RACIAL PROGRESS, by Durr, Robert.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 07 Mar 1948, p14
  102. ↑ Speaking Out - From The New South "A SOUTH STUNG THE WORLD", by Durr, Robert.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 13 Mar 1948, p14
  103. ↑ Speaking Out - From The New South DANGER IN DIVISION AND SOVEREIGNTY, by Durr, Robert.  The Chicago Defender (National edition), Chicago, IL, 20 Mar 1948, p14
  104. ↑ * https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-bahai-robert-durr-nam/138522834/ NSA names Editor to World Order Board, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, May 29, 1948 Page 2
  105. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:World_Order_Vol14_Issue12.pdf&page=2 World Order is published…, World Order v14n12, Mar 1949, p2
  106. ↑ * https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-robert-durr-quotes-bah/138937913/ The Deep South Speaks; for the Advancement of Her Race, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Jun 19, 1948 Page 4
  107. ↑ The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.), 17 July 1948. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92063852/1948-07-17/ed-1/seq-4/
  108. ↑ Voice of the South; Race Unity, by Robert Durr, The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.), 28 Aug. 1948. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92063852/1948-08-28/ed-1/seq-4/
  109. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:Baha%27i_News_213.pdf&page=3 Public Recognition of Faith Increases, Baha'i News, n213, Nov 1948, p3
  110. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-bahai-gloria-durr-amo/138522977/ Misses Varner, Brown, Bracy, Durr, Townshend, among Debutantes, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Fri, Dec 24, 1948 Page 3
  111. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:Baha%27i_News_218.pdf&page=16 Annual Reports 1948-1949 - A Summary; World Order Editorial, Baha'i News, April 1949, n218, p16
  112. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-review-progress-of-bahai-tem/138523381/ Editorially speaking - Baha'i Temple interior under way, by Robert Durr, The Weekly Review Birmingham, Alabama • Fri, Jun 10, 1949 Page 4
  113. ↑ * https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/bahai-robert-durr-reports-jim-crow-experience/nuvttrhxojburxzawitslbmdlowggdnq_ip-10-166-46-147_1705503334102 The Deep South Speaks; Fight for Freedom, by Robert Durr, Arkansas State Press Little Rock, Arkansas Dec, 9 1949 - Page 4
  114. ↑ https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6F7V-KG1D Robert Durr Census • United States 1950 Census(registration required)
  115. ↑ Spiritual Education Needed, by Robert Durr, Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.), 21 Sept. 1951. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84025840/1951-09-21/ed-1/seq-4/
  116. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:Bahai_Directory_1951-1952_246_Insert.pdf&page=6 Area National Teaching Committeesl Alabama, Baha'i Directory, p6
  117. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-birmingham-news-bahai-myra-bryant-t/138523536/ The Baha'i Community…, The Birmingham News Birmingham, Alabama • Sun, Feb 25, 1951 Page 14
  118. ↑ * https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/bahai-robert-durr-urged-go-africa-guardian/uzsnighxitdcnzmzdfphwrfctfxtcvkd_ip-10-166-46-94_1705503721701 Editor may go to Africa, Arkansas State press Little Rock, Arkansas Dec, 19 1952 - Page 6
  119. ↑ https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:The_American_Bahá’í_Vol31_No5.pdf&page=58 Archives, The American Bahá'í, v31n5, Jul 2000, p58
  120. ↑ The Hope is Black, by Robert Durr, Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.), 07 Aug. 1953. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84025840/1953-08-07/ed-1/seq-4/
  121. ↑ Africa Needs Us, by Robert Durr, Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.), 14 Aug. 1953. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84025840/1953-08-14/ed-1/seq-4/
  122. ↑ Crisis in Africa, by Robert Durr, The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.), 15 Aug. 1953. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045863/1953-08-15/ed-1/seq-4/
  123. ↑ Keystone of Education, Robert Durr, Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.), 02 Oct. 1953. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84025840/1953-10-02/ed-1/seq-4/
  124. ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-birmingham-news-bahais-hold-world-r/138523771/ Baha'i Community to mark annual service, The Birmingham News Birmingham, Alabama • Sat, Jan 16, 1954 Page 5
  125. ↑ * https://bahai.works/index.php?title=File:Baha%27i_News_279.pdf&page=8 In Memoriam, Baha'i News, n279, May 1954, p8
  126. ↑
  127. ↑ * "Robert D. Durr dies; Birmingham editor”, The Afro-American (1893-); Baltimore, Md.. 20 Mar 1954: p2.
  128. ↑ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/187755852/robert-driscoll-durr Robert Driscoll Durr, Created by: John Church Transcribed by: William Maher Added: 3 Mar 2018
  129. ↑ Puckett, Dan J. 2005. PhD "Hitler, Race, and Democracy in the Heart of Dixie: Alabamian Attitudes and Responses to the Issues of Nazi and Southern Racism, 1933–1946.” OCLC 65212582, Mississippi State University, Department of History
  130. ↑ “Bibliography: A Checklist of Scholarship on Southern Literature for 1994.” The Mississippi Quarterly 48 (1995): 1–168. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26475717
  131. ↑ Martin, Lee. 2002. ED "Out of Dreams Deferred: Culturally Grounded Community and Adult Education. Laurence C. Jones and Piney Woods School.” OCLC 51886273, Northern Illinois University.
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